$VAR1 = [ { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a thousandth [1/1000; 1x10**-3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'milli\'', 'shortdef' => '.001', 'rafsi' => [ 'mil' ], 'gismu' => 'milti', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a hundredth [1/100; 1x10**-2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'centi\'', 'shortdef' => '.01', 'rafsi' => [ 'cen' ], 'gismu' => 'centi', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a tenth [1/10; 1x10**-1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'deci\'', 'shortdef' => '.1', 'rafsi' => [ 'dec' ], 'gismu' => 'decti', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is ten [10; 1*10**1] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'deka\'', 'shortdef' => '10', 'rafsi' => [ 'dek' ], 'gismu' => 'dekto', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a hundred [100; 1x10**2] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'hecto\'', 'shortdef' => '100', 'rafsi' => [ 'xet', 'cto' ], 'gismu' => 'xecto', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro, minli)', 'def' => 'x1 is a thousand [1000; 1x10**3] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'kilo\'', 'shortdef' => '1000', 'rafsi' => [ 'ki\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'kilto', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a trillionth [1x10**-12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'pico\'', 'shortdef' => '1E-12', 'rafsi' => [ 'pic' ], 'gismu' => 'picti', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a trillion [1x10**12] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'tera\'', 'shortdef' => '1E12', 'rafsi' => [ 'tet' ], 'gismu' => 'terto', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is 1x10**-15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'femto\'', 'shortdef' => '1E-15', 'rafsi' => [ 'fem' ], 'gismu' => 'femti', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is 1x10**15 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'peta\'', 'shortdef' => '1E15', 'rafsi' => [ 'pet' ], 'gismu' => 'petso', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is 1x10**-18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'atto\'', 'shortdef' => '1E-18', 'rafsi' => [ 'xat' ], 'gismu' => 'xatsi', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is 1x10**18 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'exa\'', 'shortdef' => '1E18', 'rafsi' => [ 'xex' ], 'gismu' => 'xexso', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is 1x10**-21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => '\'zepto\'', 'shortdef' => '1E-21', 'rafsi' => [ 'zep' ], 'gismu' => 'zepti', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti)', 'def' => 'x1 is 1x10**21 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => '\'zetta\'', 'shortdef' => '1E21', 'rafsi' => [ 'zet' ], 'gismu' => 'zetro', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is 1x10**-24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => '\'yocto\'', 'shortdef' => '1E-24', 'rafsi' => [ 'goc' ], 'gismu' => 'gocti', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is 1x10**24 of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => '\'yotta\'', 'shortdef' => '1E24', 'rafsi' => [ 'got' ], 'gismu' => 'gotro', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a millionth [1x10**-6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'micro\'', 'shortdef' => '1E-6', 'rafsi' => [ 'mik' ], 'gismu' => 'mikri', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a million [1x10**6] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'mega\'', 'shortdef' => '1E6', 'rafsi' => [ 'meg' ], 'gismu' => 'megdo', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a billionth/thousand-millionth [1x10**-9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'nano\'', 'shortdef' => '1E-9', 'rafsi' => [ 'nav' ], 'gismu' => 'nanvi', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grake, mitre, snidu, stero, delno, molro, kelvo, xampo, gradu. litce, merli, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a billion [British milliard] [1x10**9] of x2 in dimension/aspect x3 (default is units)', 'origin' => 'metric \'giga\'', 'shortdef' => '1E9', 'rafsi' => [ 'gig', 'gi\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'gigdo', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ae' }, { 'notes' => '[also stomach (= djaruntyrango), digestive tract (= befctirango, befctirangyci\'e)]; (cf. cutne, livga, canti)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the abdomen/belly/lower trunk [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: midsection]', 'origin' => '\'belly\'', 'shortdef' => 'abdomen', 'rafsi' => [ 'bef', 'be\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'betfu', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '[also: has talent; know how to; know how to use (= plika\'e)]; (cf. stati, certu, gasnu (in the time-free potential sense), cmavo list ka\'e, cmavo list nu\'o, cmavo list pu\'i, djuno, zifre)', 'def' => 'x1 is able to do/be/capable of doing/being x2 (event/state) under conditions x3 (event/state)', 'origin' => '\'can\'', 'shortdef' => 'able', 'rafsi' => [ 'ka\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'kakne', 'unknown2' => '154', 'unknown1' => '2e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tsani, galtu, cnita, drudi, gacri, dizlo, farna)', 'def' => 'x1 is directly/vertically above/upwards-from x2 in gravity/frame of reference x3', 'origin' => '\'up\'', 'shortdef' => 'above', 'rafsi' => [ 'gap' ], 'gismu' => 'gapru', 'unknown2' => '202', 'unknown1' => '2d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. fatci, xanri)', 'def' => 'x1 (si\'o) is abstracted/generalized/idealized from x2 [something concrete] by rules x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'abstract', 'rafsi' => [ 'suc' ], 'gismu' => 'sucta', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '9e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. zukte, cunso)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/state) is an accident/unintentional on the part of x2; x1 is an accident', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'accidental', 'rafsi' => [ 'nut' ], 'gismu' => 'snuti', 'unknown2' => '26', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jdima, vamji, vecnu, canja, jerna, dejni, jbera)', 'def' => 'x1 is an account/bill/invoice for goods/services x2, billed to x3 by x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'account', 'rafsi' => [ 'jat' ], 'gismu' => 'janta', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. slari, nimre)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of acid of composition x2; (adjective:) x1 is acidic', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'acid', 'gismu' => 'slami', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 local area unit(s) [non-metric] (default 1) by standard x3, x4 subunits', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'acre', 'gismu' => 'kramu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'af' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is over there (across/beyond zo\'e); directly across/beyond a boundary/gap, generally at the shortest plausible distance on the other side of the boundary]; (cf. dukti, kuspe, bancu, kruca, cripu, pagre)', 'def' => 'x1 is located across/on the other side of gap/boundary x2 from x3; x1 is opposite (fi) x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'across', 'rafsi' => [ 'rav' ], 'gismu' => 'ragve', 'unknown2' => '32', 'unknown1' => '3j' }, { 'notes' => '[also acting at, undertaking, doing; agentive cause with volition/purpose; also x3 objective, end]; (cf. cmavo list zu\'e, bapli, gunka, jalge, krinu, mukti, rinka, snuti, gasnu, fasnu, minji, prenu, ciksi, jibri, pilno, pluta, tadji, tutci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a volitional entity employing means/taking action x2 for purpose/goal x3/to end x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'act', 'rafsi' => [ 'zuk', 'zu\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'zukte', 'unknown2' => '148', 'unknown1' => '2e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. zmadu, banro, sumji, zenba, setca)', 'def' => 'x1 adds/combines x2 to/with x3, with result x4; x1 augments x2 by amount x3', 'origin' => '\'augment\'', 'shortdef' => 'add', 'rafsi' => [ 'min' ], 'gismu' => 'jmina', 'unknown2' => '52', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tcita, cmene, ciste, stuzi)', 'def' => 'x1 is an address of/are coordinates of x2 in system x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'address', 'gismu' => 'judri', 'unknown2' => '25', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '[also touching, contiguous, against]; (cf. zvati, cpana, jibni, diklo, stuzi, bartu, jbini)', 'def' => 'x1 is adjacent/beside/next to/in contact with x2 in property/sequence x3 in direction x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'adjacent', 'rafsi' => [ 'lam', 'la\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'lamji', 'unknown2' => '63', 'unknown1' => '2d' }, { 'notes' => '[non-resultative, agentive change]; (cf. cenba which need not be agentive, galfi which is agentive and resultative, binxo which need not be agentive but is resultative, zasni, stodi)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) adjusts/regulates/changes x2 (ka/ni) in amount/degree x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'adjust', 'rafsi' => [ 'tik' ], 'gismu' => 'stika', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[fancy/decorated (= selja\'i)]; (cf. jemna, dirba, batke)', 'def' => 'x1 (object) adorns/decorates x2; x1 is an adornment/decoration of x2; x2 is fancy/decorated', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'adorn', 'rafsi' => [ 'jad', 'ja\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'jadni', 'unknown2' => '64', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '[also matter, concern; x2 is engaged in x1 (which is usually an abstraction) (= selcu\'u for reordered places)] (cf. jikca, srana)', 'def' => 'x1 is an affair/organized activity involving person(s) x2 (ind./mass); x1 is x2\'s business', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'affair', 'rafsi' => [ 'cu\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'cuntu', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. valsi, lujvo, pagbu)', 'def' => 'x1 is an affix/suffix/prefix/combining-form for word/concept x2, form/properties x3, language x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'affix', 'rafsi' => [ 'raf' ], 'gismu' => 'rafsi', 'unknown2' => '219', 'unknown1' => '1b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. stura, cmavo, gismu, rafsi, smuni)', 'def' => 'x1 (text) is a compound predicate word with meaning x2 and arguments x3 built from metaphor x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'affix compound', 'rafsi' => [ 'luv', 'jvo' ], 'gismu' => 'lujvo', 'unknown2' => '428', 'unknown1' => '1b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ropno, xazdo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects African culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'African', 'rafsi' => [ 'fi\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'friko', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sarxe, mapti, darlu, natfe, panpi, sarji)', 'def' => 'x1 [person] agrees with person(s)/position/side x2 that x3 (du\'u) is true about matter x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'agree', 'rafsi' => [ 'tug', 'tu\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'tugni', 'unknown2' => '54', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gapci, kijno, trano, tumla, vasxu, xamsi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of air/normally-gaseous atmosphere of planet x2, of composition including x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'air', 'rafsi' => [ 'var' ], 'gismu' => 'vacri', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. vofli, sabnu)', 'def' => 'x1 is an airplane/aircraft [flying vehicle] for carrying passengers/cargo x2, propelled by x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'airplane', 'rafsi' => [ 'vij' ], 'gismu' => 'vinji', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '7f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. birje, jikru, vanju)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alcohol of type x2 from source/process x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'alcohol', 'rafsi' => [ 'xal' ], 'gismu' => 'xalka', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. friko, xrabo, muslo, fraso)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Algerian culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Algerian', 'rafsi' => [ 'jex' ], 'gismu' => 'jerxo', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cizra, jbena, ckini)', 'def' => 'x1 is alien/foreign/[exotic]/unfamiliar to x2 in property x3 (ka)', 'origin' => '\'foreign\'', 'shortdef' => 'alien', 'gismu' => 'fange', 'unknown2' => '57', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is alkaline]; (cf. sodna, bakri, sodva)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of alkali/base of composition including x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'alkali', 'rafsi' => [ 'jil' ], 'gismu' => 'jilka', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kanxe, cmavo list a, ja, gi\'a, gu\'a)', 'def' => 'x1 is a logical alternation/disjunction, stating that x2 (du\'u) and/or x3 (du\'u) is/are true', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'alternation', 'gismu' => 'vlina', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => '7a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. brito, bemro, ketco, xispo, glico)', 'def' => 'x1 pertains to USA/American culture/nationality/dialect in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'American', 'rafsi' => [ 'mer' ], 'gismu' => 'merko', 'unknown2' => '38', 'unknown1' => '1b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. dikca, flecu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 ampere(s) [metric unit] in current (default is 1) by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ampere', 'rafsi' => [ 'xap', 'xa\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'xampo', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'af' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. danlu, respa)', 'def' => 'x1 is an amphibian of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'amphibian', 'gismu' => 'banfi', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 occupies x2 pleasantly; x1 is fun for x2; x2 is amused by x1; x2 has fun (at) doing x1; x1 is an amusement/entertainment/[game] for x2]; (cf. cinri, panka, xajmi for \'funny\', kelci)', 'def' => 'x1 (abstract) is amusing/entertaining to x2 in property/aspect x3; x3 is what amuses x2 about x1', 'origin' => '\'amused\'', 'shortdef' => 'amusing', 'rafsi' => [ 'zdi' ], 'gismu' => 'zdile', 'unknown2' => '79', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. catlu, zgana, jarco, pensi, pinka)', 'def' => 'x1 analyzes/examines-in-detail x2 by method/technique/system x3 [process/activity]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'analyze', 'rafsi' => [ 'lal' ], 'gismu' => 'lanli', 'unknown2' => '21', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is angular; x2 corner; (segment x3 can be defined by interval)]; (cf. kojna, linji, konju, mokca)', 'def' => 'x1 is an angle [2-dimensional shape/form] from vertex x2 subtended by lateral [segment] x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'angle', 'rafsi' => [ 'jga' ], 'gismu' => 'jganu', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. fanza, dunku)', 'def' => 'x1 is angry/mad at x2 for x3 (action/state/property)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'angry', 'rafsi' => [ 'feg', 'fe\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'fengu', 'unknown2' => '40', 'unknown1' => '3c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. fengu, surla)', 'def' => 'x1 is anguished/distressed/emotionally wrought/stressed by x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'anguish', 'rafsi' => [ 'duk', 'du\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'dunku', 'unknown2' => '25', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. banfi, cinki, cipni, finpe, jukni, respa, since, mabru, bakni)', 'def' => 'x1 is an animal/creature of species x2; x1 is biologically animate', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'animal', 'rafsi' => [ 'dal', 'da\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'danlu', 'unknown2' => '61', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[also: is disruptive to]; (cf. fengu, raktu, dicra, tunta, zunti, jicla)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) annoys/irritates/bothers/distracts x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'annoy', 'rafsi' => [ 'faz' ], 'gismu' => 'fanza', 'unknown2' => '46', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ciksi, frati, preti, nabmi, spuda for agentive response/reply, cpedu)', 'def' => 'x1 is the answer/response/solution/[reply] to question/problem x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'answer', 'rafsi' => [ 'daf' ], 'gismu' => 'danfu', 'unknown2' => '58', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinki, jalra)', 'def' => 'x1 is an ant of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ant', 'gismu' => 'manti', 'unknown2' => '135', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ketco, friko, sralo, terdi)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Antarctican culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Antarctican', 'rafsi' => [ 'zip', 'zi\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'dzipo', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[also asshole/ass/arsehole; (adjective:) x1 is anal]; (cf. zargu, kalci, mabla, rinci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the anus/anal orifice/asshole/arsehole [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: exit, waste exit]', 'origin' => '\'asshole/arsehole\'', 'shortdef' => 'anus', 'rafsi' => [ 'gax' ], 'gismu' => 'ganxo', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '[also aloof (= jiksei); alone (= rolsmisei meaning apart or unlike all others of its kind; pavysei, seirpavmei meaning "only" or "one alone" - do not use when talking about, for example, two people who are alone); x3 space]; (cf. bitmu, snuji, senta, fendi, curve, jinsa, bitmu, marbi)', 'def' => 'x1 is apart/separate from x2, separated by partition/wall/gap/interval/separating medium x3', 'origin' => '\'separate\'', 'shortdef' => 'apart', 'rafsi' => [ 'sep', 'sei ' ], 'gismu' => 'sepli', 'unknown2' => '47', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[form determined by/from function; does not imply automated/automatic action - requires an external agent/trigger (a minji may be a zmiku cabra if it requires an external agent to trigger or control the functions that it performs automatically)]; (cf. tutci, minji, finti; girzu, ganzu for organizational apparatus, pilno)', 'def' => 'x1 is apparatus/mechanism/device/equipment for function x2 controlled/[triggered] by x3 (agent)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'apparatus', 'rafsi' => [ 'ca\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'cabra', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '7g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grute)', 'def' => 'x1 is an apple [fruit] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'apple', 'gismu' => 'plise', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list zau, natfe)', 'def' => 'x1 approves of/gives favor to plan/action x2 (object/event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'approve', 'rafsi' => [ 'zar', 'zau ' ], 'gismu' => 'zanru', 'unknown2' => '62', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sadjo, semto, lubno, rakso, sirxo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Arabic-speaking culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Arabic', 'rafsi' => [ 'rab' ], 'gismu' => 'xrabo', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[also arc; x2 need not be an object, but may be a point or volume]; (cf. cripu, kruvi, korcu, condi)', 'def' => 'x1 arches/curves over/around x2 and is made of x3; x1 is an arch over/around x2 of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'arch', 'rafsi' => [ 'bag' ], 'gismu' => 'bargu', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xispo, ketco, spano)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Argentinian culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Argentinian', 'rafsi' => [ 'get', 'ge\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'gento', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. fapro, jamna, sarji, talsa, sumti, tugni, casnu, damba, bradi, tavla)', 'def' => 'x1 argues for stand x2 against stand x3; [an opponent is not necessary]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'argue', 'rafsi' => [ 'dau ' ], 'gismu' => 'darlu', 'unknown2' => '57', 'unknown1' => '3j' }, { 'notes' => '[also elbow (= bircidni), wrist (= xanterjo\'e), appendage (but jimca, rebla preferred)]; (cf. jimca, janco, xance, rebla)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the arm [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: branch with strength]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'arm', 'rafsi' => [ 'bir' ], 'gismu' => 'birka', 'unknown2' => '57', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bilni, sonci, xarci)', 'def' => 'x1 (mass) is an army serving group/community x2 (mass) in function x3 (activity)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'army', 'rafsi' => [ 'jem', 'jei ' ], 'gismu' => 'jenmi', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is artistic]; (cf. finti, zbasu, stati)', 'def' => 'x1 (process) is an art [creative application] of craft/skill x2 (idea/activity)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'art', 'rafsi' => [ 'lar' ], 'gismu' => 'larcu', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 is the noun phrase/sumti without the article/descriptor; description ((x1 with x2) = gadysu\'i); note: \'determiner\' has become the accepted general linguistics term, displacing \'article\'; however, \'determiner\' includes all words that can introduce a noun phrase/sumti, whether a description or not, such as pronoun possessives like lemi, quantifiers (especially in indefinites) like ci and su\'o, and demonstratives like ti, ta, and tu; the term \'descriptor\' in Lojban, is limited to words that introduce descriptions (excluding indefinites), such as those of selma\'o LA and LE, their common compounds such as lemi, and possibly lenu]; \'article\' typically refers only to a single word; Lojban assumes the broader meaning] (cf. valsi, cmavo)', 'def' => 'x1 is an article/descriptor labelling description x2 (text) in language x3 with semantics x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'article', 'rafsi' => [ 'gad' ], 'gismu' => 'gadri', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '2a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. rarna, se zbasu, gundi, slasi)', 'def' => 'x1 is an artifact; x1 is artificial; x1 is made/caused by people/se kulnu x2; x1 is man-made', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'artifact', 'rafsi' => [ 'run' ], 'gismu' => 'rutni', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinmo)', 'def' => 'x1 feels ashamed/mortified/humiliated under conditions x2 before community/audience x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ashamed', 'rafsi' => [ 'kej', 'cke' ], 'gismu' => 'ckeji', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. polno, friko, jungo, rusko, ropno)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Asiatic culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Asiatic', 'rafsi' => [ 'xaz', 'zdo' ], 'gismu' => 'xazdo', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 states/says that/affirms/purports to know that x2]; (cf. natfe which is propositional and non-agentive, nupre)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) asserts/claims/declares x2 (du\'u) is true [can be used for epistemology of authority]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'assert', 'rafsi' => [ 'xus', 'xu\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'xusra', 'unknown2' => '91', 'unknown1' => '3j' }, { 'notes' => '[words usable for epistemology typically have a du\'u place]; (cf. smadi, birti)', 'def' => 'x1 assumes/supposes that x2 (du\'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'assume', 'rafsi' => [ 'ru\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'sruma', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '3l' }, { 'notes' => '[refers to a nonce location for an object/activity that is mobile]; (cf. especially stuzi for an inherent/inalienable location, jbini, nenri, se vasru, cpana, diklo, jibni, cabna, lamji, tcini, xabju, jmive, jundi, vitke)', 'def' => 'x1 (object/event) is at/attending/present at x2 (event/location)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'at', 'rafsi' => [ 'zva' ], 'gismu' => 'zvati', 'unknown2' => '184', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kantu for a basic unit of a property or activity; selci for a basic physical subunit, generally of a mass)', 'def' => 'x1 is an atom of element/atomic number x2 of isotope number/atomic weight x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'atom', 'rafsi' => [ 'rat' ], 'gismu' => 'ratni', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bradi, damba, darxi, jamna, jenca, jursa)', 'def' => 'x1 (person/mass) attacks/invades/commits aggression upon victim x2 with goal/objective x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'attack', 'rafsi' => [ 'gut' ], 'gismu' => 'gunta', 'unknown2' => '21', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kurji, zvati)', 'def' => 'x1 is attentive towards/attends/tends/pays attention to object/affair x2', 'origin' => '\'attend\'', 'shortdef' => 'attentive', 'rafsi' => [ 'jud', 'ju\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'jundi', 'unknown2' => '76', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is alluring to x2]; (cf. djica, nelci, rigni, xlura, maksi)', 'def' => 'x1 attracts/appeals to/lures x2 (person/event) with property/quality x3 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'attract', 'rafsi' => [ 'tri' ], 'gismu' => 'trina', 'unknown2' => '45', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is bold]; (cf. virnu)', 'def' => 'x1 shows audacity/chutzpah in behavior x2 (event/activity); x1 dares to do/be x2 (event/ka)', 'origin' => '\'dare\'', 'shortdef' => 'audacity', 'gismu' => 'darsi', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bruna, mamta, mensi, patfu, rirni, tamne)', 'def' => 'x1 is an aunt/uncle of x2 by bond/tie x3; x1 is an associated member of x2\'s parent\'s generation', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'aunt or uncle', 'gismu' => 'famti', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. glico)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Australian culture/nationality/geography/dialect in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Australian', 'gismu' => 'sralo', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. turni, tutra, krati, cmavo list ca\'i, jaspu, pulji)', 'def' => 'x1 has authority/is an official in/on/over matter/sphere/persons x2 derived on basis x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'authority', 'rafsi' => [ 'ca\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'catni', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. macnu)', 'def' => 'x1 is automatic in function x2 under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'automatic', 'rafsi' => [ 'zmi' ], 'gismu' => 'zmiku', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '7g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. citsi, crisa, dunra, vensa, crepu)', 'def' => 'x1 is autumn/fall [harvest/cooling season] of year x2 at location x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'autumn', 'gismu' => 'critu', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '[also detours around, stays away from; (x1 is normally an object, but may be an event)]; (cf. bandu which is not necessarily successful, fanta, which is agentive, se jersi which implies an opposing agent, sisku, kalte, fapro)', 'def' => 'x1 avoids/evades/shuns/escapes/skirts [fate] x2 (event) through action/state x3 (event)', 'origin' => '\'evade\'', 'shortdef' => 'avoid', 'rafsi' => [ 'riv' ], 'gismu' => 'rivbi', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sanji, sipna, tatpi)', 'def' => '(adjective:) x1 is awake/alert/conscious', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'awake', 'rafsi' => [ 'cik' ], 'gismu' => 'cikna', 'unknown2' => '47', 'unknown1' => '6m' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. se carna, gunro, tutci)', 'def' => 'x1 is an axle/spindle [tool] on which x2 rotates, of material/properties x3', 'origin' => '\'spindle\'', 'shortdef' => 'axle', 'rafsi' => [ 'jed' ], 'gismu' => 'jendu', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[be careful to distinguish between a bad/unacceptable event, and a bad/unacceptable agent: x1 does poorly (= lenu ko\'a gasnu cu xlali and not normally ko\'a xlali)]; (cf. palci, mabla, xamgu, betri)', 'def' => 'x1 is bad for x2 by standard x3; x1 is poor/unacceptable to x2', 'origin' => '\'mal-\'', 'shortdef' => 'bad', 'rafsi' => [ 'xla' ], 'gismu' => 'xlali', 'unknown2' => '95', 'unknown1' => '2i' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. midju, nutli; fapro for balancing/opposing forces, nutli)', 'def' => 'x1 is in balance/equilibrium under forces x2 (mass)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'balance', 'rafsi' => [ 'lax' ], 'gismu' => 'lanxe', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kajna)', 'def' => 'x1 is a balcony/overhang/ledge/shelf of building/structure x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'balcony', 'gismu' => 'balni', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also round]; (cf. bliku, cukla, bidju, gunro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a ball/sphere/orb/globe [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a spherical object [made of x2]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ball', 'rafsi' => [ 'bol', 'boi ' ], 'gismu' => 'bolci', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grute)', 'def' => 'x1 is a banana/plantain [fruit/plant] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'banana', 'gismu' => 'badna', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sorcu, zarci, canja, kagni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bank owned by/in banking system x2 for banking function(s) x3 (event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bank', 'rafsi' => [ 'bax' ], 'gismu' => 'banxa', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ap' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gusta, birje, jikru, sanmi, vanju, xotli, ckafi, se pinxe)', 'def' => 'x1 is a tavern/bar/pub serving x2 to audience/patrons x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bar', 'gismu' => 'barja', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ap' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. taxfu, bandu)', 'def' => 'x1 is bare/naked/nude; x1 is without cover/clothes/[protection]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bare', 'rafsi' => [ 'lub' ], 'gismu' => 'lunbe', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gurni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of barley [grain] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'barley', 'gismu' => 'bavmi', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 is founded on basis x1 (= selcmu for reordered places); (adjective:) x1 is basic/basal/fundamental); (generally events and properties will be bases for events and states, while objects may be bases/bottoms for objects)]; (cf. cmavo list ji\'u, jamfu, zbepi, genja, krasi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a basis/foundation/underlying or fundamental principle of x2; x1 is at the bottom of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'basis', 'rafsi' => [ 'cmu' ], 'gismu' => 'jicmu', 'unknown2' => '56', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. vasru, baktu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a basket with contents x2, woven from material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'basket', 'gismu' => 'lanka', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lalxu, xamsi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bay in/of coast/shoreline x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bay', 'gismu' => 'zbani', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bolci, canre, lakse, dirgo)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bead/pebble [shape/form] of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bead', 'gismu' => 'bidju', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grute, sobde, tsiju)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bean/pea/leguminous seed from plant [legume] x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bean', 'rafsi' => [ 'deb' ], 'gismu' => 'dembi', 'unknown2' => '47', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. danlu, mabru)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bear/ursoid of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bear', 'rafsi' => [ 'rib' ], 'gismu' => 'cribe', 'unknown2' => '125', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[also handsome, pretty, gorgeous, cute, comely, graceful]; (cf. pluka, xamgu)', 'def' => 'x1 is beautiful/pleasant to x2 in aspect x3 (ka) by aesthetic standard x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'beautiful', 'rafsi' => [ 'mel', 'mle' ], 'gismu' => 'melbi', 'unknown2' => '191', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[resultative, not-necessarily agentive, change]; (cf. cenba for non-resultative, galfi for agentive, stika for non-resultative, non-agentive change; zasni)', 'def' => 'x1 becomes/changes/converts/transforms into x2 under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'become', 'rafsi' => [ 'bix', 'bi\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'binxo', 'unknown2' => '217', 'unknown1' => '2c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kamju, kicne, nilce, palta, cpana, vreta, jubme, stizu, matci, zbepi, palne, sarji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bed/pallet of material x2 for holding/supporting x3 (person/object/event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bed', 'rafsi' => [ 'cka' ], 'gismu' => 'ckana', 'unknown2' => '111', 'unknown1' => 'an' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinki, sfani, lakse)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bee/wasp/hornet of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bee', 'rafsi' => [ 'bic' ], 'gismu' => 'bifce', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pinxe, barja, jikru, vanju, xalka, fusra)', 'def' => 'x1 is made of/contains/is a amount of beer/ale/brew brewed from x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'beer', 'gismu' => 'birje', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => '2j' }, { 'notes' => '[also importune, petition, plea, solicit; x2 benefactor, patron; x3 boon, favor, gift, alms] (cf. cpedu which is more general as to manner, pindi)', 'def' => 'x1 begs/pleads/supplicates/entreats/implores/beseeches/prays [asks with humility] x2 for x3', 'origin' => '\'supplicate\'', 'shortdef' => 'beg', 'gismu' => 'pikci', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is behavioral]; (cf. cnano, frati, tcaci, cilce, jikca, marde)', 'def' => 'x1 behaves/conducts oneself as/in-manner x2 (event/property) under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'behave', 'rafsi' => [ 'tra' ], 'gismu' => 'tarti', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2; spine (= rixybo\'u, rixybo\'ukamju)]; (cf. crane, rebla, mlana, pritu, zunle)', 'def' => 'x1 is posterior/behind/back/in the rear of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'behind', 'rafsi' => [ 'rix', 'ti\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'trixe', 'unknown2' => '29', 'unknown1' => '1e' }, { 'notes' => '["without evidence" refers to objective external evidence; also gives credence, has conviction]; (cf. censa, cevni, lijda, makfa, malsi, senpi, birti)', 'def' => 'x1 believes [without evidence/proof] belief/creed x2 (du\'u) is true/assumed about subject x3', 'origin' => '\'creed\'', 'shortdef' => 'believe', 'rafsi' => [ 'kri' ], 'gismu' => 'krici', 'unknown2' => '99', 'unknown1' => '3l' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 rings/tolls (i.e. if it rings, then it is a bell); resonates (one sense, = jabdesku)]; (cf. zgike, tonga, desku, slilu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bell/chime/[tuning fork] [tuned percussion instrument] producing sound/note x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bell', 'rafsi' => [ 'jab' ], 'gismu' => 'janbe', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[also underside, nether]; (cf. dizlo, gapru, galtu, farna, loldi)', 'def' => 'x1 is directly/vertically beneath/below/under/underneath/down from x2 in frame of reference x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'beneath', 'rafsi' => [ 'nit', 'ni\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'cnita', 'unknown2' => '139', 'unknown1' => '2d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xindo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Bengali/Bangladesh culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Bengali', 'rafsi' => [ 'beg' ], 'gismu' => 'bengo', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinje, klupe, kruvi, polje, sarlu, sirji, bargu, genxu)', 'def' => '(adjective:) x1 is bent/crooked/not straight or direct/[twisted]/folded', 'origin' => '\'crooked, corkscrew\'', 'shortdef' => 'bent', 'rafsi' => [ 'kro' ], 'gismu' => 'korcu', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grute, tsiju, narge, grute)', 'def' => 'x1 is a berry (fruit/plant) of plant/species x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'berry', 'rafsi' => [ 'jba' ], 'gismu' => 'jbari', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 (a complete set, generally ordered) defines the bounds/limits/range for x1]; (cf. se vasru, nenri, zvati, cpana, snuji, senta, bitmu, jimte, kuspe, jibni, lamji, sruri, vanbi, midju, cmima, setca)', 'def' => 'x1 is between/among set of points/bounds/limits x2 (set)/amidst mass x2 in property x3 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'between', 'rafsi' => [ 'bin', 'bi\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'jbini', 'unknown2' => '28', 'unknown1' => '2d' }, { 'notes' => '[on the other side of a bound, but not necessarily directly \'across\' nor at the shortest plausible distance (per ragve); also not limited to position in space]; (cf. dukse, ragve, zmadu, kuspe)', 'def' => 'x1 exceeds/is beyond limit/boundary x2 from x3 in property/amount x4 (ka/ni)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'beyond', 'rafsi' => [ 'bac' ], 'gismu' => 'bancu', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. banli, clani, ganra, condi, plana, cmalu, rotsu, banro, xanto)', 'def' => 'x1 is big/large in property/dimension(s) x2 (ka) as compared with standard/norm x3', 'origin' => '\'large\'', 'shortdef' => 'big', 'rafsi' => [ 'bra' ], 'gismu' => 'barda', 'unknown2' => '318', 'unknown1' => '1e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. datka, gunse, jipci, nalci, pimlu, vofli, xruki, danlu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bird/avian/fowl of species x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bird', 'rafsi' => [ 'cpi' ], 'gismu' => 'cipni', 'unknown2' => '119', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[bite through (= ka\'arbatci, batygre); pinch (= cinzybatci)]; (cf. denci, jgalu, guska, citka)', 'def' => 'x1 bites/pinches x2 on/at specific locus x3 with x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bite', 'rafsi' => [ 'bat' ], 'gismu' => 'batci', 'unknown2' => '83', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. titla, slari)', 'def' => 'x1 is bitter/acrid/sharply disagreeable to observer/sense x2', 'origin' => '\'acrid\'', 'shortdef' => 'bitter', 'gismu' => 'kurki', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. blabi, grusi, manku, skari, xekri, kandi, carmi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu)', 'def' => 'x1 is black/extremely dark-colored [color adjective]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'black', 'rafsi' => [ 'xek', 'xe\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'xekri', 'unknown2' => '47', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. dakfu, tunta, tutci, guska, kinli, katna)', 'def' => 'x1 is a blade of tool/weapon x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'blade', 'rafsi' => [ 'ba\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'balre', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[x3 sides/surfaces should include number, size, and shape; also polyhedron (= pitybli having flat/planar sides/surfaces)], regular polyhedron (= kubybli, blikubli), brick (= kitybli); (cf. tapla, kubli, tanbo, canlu, kojna, sefta, bolci, kurfa, tarmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a block [3-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, surfaces/sides x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'block', 'rafsi' => [ 'bli' ], 'gismu' => 'bliku', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. risna, flecu)', 'def' => 'x1 is blood/vital fluid of organism x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'blood', 'rafsi' => [ 'blu' ], 'gismu' => 'ciblu', 'unknown2' => '39', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, zirpu, kandi, carmi, cicna)', 'def' => 'x1 is blue [color adjective]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'blue', 'rafsi' => [ 'bla' ], 'gismu' => 'blanu', 'unknown2' => '132', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bliku, kubli)', 'def' => 'x1 is a board/plank [3-dimensional long flat rectangle] of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'board', 'rafsi' => [ 'ta\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'tanbo', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. falnu, fulta, marce, jatna, sabnu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a boat/ship/vessel [vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'boat', 'rafsi' => [ 'lot', 'blo', 'lo\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'bloti', 'unknown2' => '33', 'unknown1' => '7f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. menli, pruxi, sluji, mulno, cutne)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the body/corpus/corpse of x2; (adjective:) x1 is corporal/corporeal', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'body', 'rafsi' => [ 'xad' ], 'gismu' => 'xadni', 'unknown2' => '80', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '[roil (= febjicla)]; (cf. dunja, lunsa, runme)', 'def' => 'x1 boils/evaporates at temperature x2 and pressure x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'boil', 'rafsi' => [ 'feb' ], 'gismu' => 'febvi', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cecla, spoja)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bomb/explosive device with explosive material/principle x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bomb', 'rafsi' => [ 'bam' ], 'gismu' => 'jbama', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 is likely an abstract: may be structure/support for some body part, but others as well such as the eardrum bones; the former can be expressed as (tu\'a le ); cartilage/gristle (= ranbo\'u), skeleton (= bogygreku)]; (cf. greku, denci, jirna, sarji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the bone/ivory [body-part], performing function x2 in body of x3; [metaphor: calcium]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bone', 'rafsi' => [ 'bog', 'bo\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'bongu', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is a manifestation/container [a physical object or its analogue] of a work/content, not necessarily using paper (= selpapri)]; (cf. cfika, prina, prosa, tcidu, papri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a book containing work x2 by author x3 for audience x4 preserved in medium x5', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'book', 'rafsi' => [ 'cku' ], 'gismu' => 'cukta', 'unknown2' => '163', 'unknown1' => '1f' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 bears/gives birth to x1; also x3: natal day]; (cf. fange, gutra, rorci, mamta, salci, citsi)', 'def' => 'x1 is born to x2 at time x3 [birthday] and place x4 [birthplace]; x1 is native to (fo) x4', 'origin' => '\'bear\'', 'shortdef' => 'born', 'rafsi' => [ 'jbe' ], 'gismu' => 'jbena', 'unknown2' => '77', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '[credit (= jernu\'e); borrow/assume a property or quality as a chameleon does (= zaskai, zasysmitra, zasysmitai)]; (cf. dejni, janta, zivle)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) borrows/temporarily takes/assumes x2 (object) from source x3 for interval x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'borrow', 'rafsi' => [ 'jer' ], 'gismu' => 'jbera', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '3m' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. baktu, lante, patxu, tansi, tanxe, vasru, gacri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bottle/jar/urn/flask/closable container for x2, made of material x3 with lid x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bottle', 'rafsi' => [ 'bot', 'bo\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'botpi', 'unknown2' => '79', 'unknown1' => '1f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. danlu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cow/cattle/kine/ox/[bull/steer/calf] [beef-producer/bovine] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => '\'ox\'', 'shortdef' => 'bovine', 'rafsi' => [ 'bak' ], 'gismu' => 'bakni', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bakfu, botpi, cutne, dacru)', 'def' => 'x1 is a box/carton/trunk/crate for contents x2, and made of material x3', 'origin' => '\'trunk\'', 'shortdef' => 'box', 'rafsi' => [ 'tax', 'ta\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'tanxe', 'unknown2' => '40', 'unknown1' => '1f' }, { 'notes' => '[word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nixli, verba, nanmu, bersa)', 'def' => 'x1 is a boy/lad [young male person] of age x2 immature by standard x3', 'origin' => '\'lad\'', 'shortdef' => 'boy', 'gismu' => 'nanla', 'unknown2' => '44', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '[also cerebral]; (cf. menli, stedu, rango, pensi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the brain [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: intelligence, mental control]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'brain', 'rafsi' => [ 'ben' ], 'gismu' => 'besna', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mosra)', 'def' => 'x1 brakes/causes to slow motion/activity x2 with device/mechanism/principle x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'brake', 'gismu' => 'jabre', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'as' }, { 'notes' => '[also appendage]; (cf. birka, rebla, tuple)', 'def' => 'x1 is a branch/bough/limb of x2; x2 forks into branches x1; [preferred over metaphorical birka]', 'origin' => '\'limb\'', 'shortdef' => 'branch', 'rafsi' => [ 'jic' ], 'gismu' => 'jimca', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is brazen)]; (cf. jinme, ransu, tunka)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of brass [copper/zinc alloy] of composition including x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'brass', 'gismu' => 'lastu', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. terpa, darsi)', 'def' => 'x1 is brave/valiant/courageous in activity x2 (event) by standard x3', 'origin' => '\'valiant, virtue\'', 'shortdef' => 'brave', 'rafsi' => [ 'vri' ], 'gismu' => 'virnu', 'unknown2' => '46', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. porto, ketco)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Brazilian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Brazilian', 'rafsi' => [ 'raz' ], 'gismu' => 'brazo', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gurni, panlo, toknu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains bread [leavened or unleavened] made from grains x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bread', 'rafsi' => [ 'nab' ], 'gismu' => 'nanba', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xrani, spofu, se katna)', 'def' => 'x1 breaks/fractures/shatters/[splits/splinters/cracks] into pieces x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'break', 'rafsi' => [ 'pop', 'po\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'porpi', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '[nipple (= tatyji\'o)]; (cf. ladru, mabru)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the breast/mammary/teat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: projection providing liquid]', 'origin' => '\'teat\'', 'shortdef' => 'breast', 'rafsi' => [ 'tat' ], 'gismu' => 'tatru', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(though used to make the Lojban word, clue word vascular is erroneous, actually pertaining to the circulatory system that carries the respired oxygen to the tissues); (cf. fepri, kijno, vacri)', 'def' => 'x1 breathes/respires x2 [gas]', 'origin' => '\'vascular\'', 'shortdef' => 'breathe', 'rafsi' => [ 'vax', 'va\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'vasxu', 'unknown2' => '25', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tcima)', 'def' => 'x1 is a breeze/wind/gale from direction x2 with speed x3; x1 blows from x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'breeze', 'rafsi' => [ 'bif', 'bi\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'brife', 'unknown2' => '66', 'unknown1' => '4h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bargu, kruca, ragve, kuspe)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bridge/span over/across x2 between x3 and x4 [unordered, typically destination first]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bridge', 'rafsi' => [ 'rip' ], 'gismu' => 'cripu', 'unknown2' => '37', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. glico, skoto, merko, ropno)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects British/United Kingdom culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'British', 'rafsi' => [ 'rit' ], 'gismu' => 'brito', 'unknown2' => '54', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. clani, jarki, rotsu, condi, barda, gutci, minli)', 'def' => 'x1 is broad/wide in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'broad', 'rafsi' => [ 'gan' ], 'gismu' => 'ganra', 'unknown2' => '76', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[agentive break, cause to become inoperable (= pofygau, pofyzu\'e); accidentally break, as a result of an event, non-agentive (= pofyja\'e, nutpo\'uja\'e)]; (cf. daspo, katna, porpi, se xrani, cikre)', 'def' => 'x1 is broken/inoperable/broken down/non-utile/not usable for function x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'broken', 'rafsi' => [ 'pof', 'po\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'spofu', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jinme, tunka, lastu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of bronze of composition including x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bronze', 'gismu' => 'ransu', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mensi, tunba, tamne, famti, bersa)', 'def' => 'x1 is brother of/fraternal to x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3; [not necess. biological]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'brother', 'rafsi' => [ 'bun', 'bu\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'bruna', 'unknown2' => '110', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. stedu, flira)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the brow/forehead [projecting flat/smooth head/body-part] of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'brow', 'rafsi' => [ 'meb' ], 'gismu' => 'mebri', 'unknown2' => '18', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is brown/tan [color adjective]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'brown', 'rafsi' => [ 'bur', 'bu\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'bunre', 'unknown2' => '63', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. komcu, pinsi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a brush for purpose x2 (event) with bristles x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'brush', 'rafsi' => [ 'bru' ], 'gismu' => 'burcu', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. botpi, patxu, tansi, lante, lanka)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bucket/pail/can/deep, solid, wide-topped container of contents x2, made of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'bucket', 'gismu' => 'baktu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. spati)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of buckwheat/rhubarb/sorrel grass of species/strain x2', 'origin' => '\'rhubarb\'', 'shortdef' => 'buckwheat', 'rafsi' => [ 'xub' ], 'gismu' => 'xruba', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. latna, lijda)', 'def' => 'x1 pertains to the Buddhist culture/religion/ethos in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Buddhist', 'rafsi' => [ 'buj', 'bu\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'budjo', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ac' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ginka, zdani, zarci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a building/edifice for purpose x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'building', 'rafsi' => [ 'dij', 'di\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'dinju', 'unknown2' => '153', 'unknown1' => '2k' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. punli, batke)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bulb [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: rounded, bulgy]', 'origin' => '\'bulge\'', 'shortdef' => 'bulb', 'gismu' => 'balji', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. daski, dakli, tanxe)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bundle/package/cluster/clump/pack [shape/form] containing x2, held together by x3', 'origin' => '\'pack\'', 'shortdef' => 'bundle', 'rafsi' => [ 'baf' ], 'gismu' => 'bakfu', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[default x2/x3 to normal temperatures in air; ignite (= jelcfa), flammable/inflammable (usually = jelka\'e or jelfrili)]; (cf. fagri, kijno, sigja, livla, sacki)', 'def' => 'x1 burns/[ignites/is flammable/inflammable] at temperature x2 in atmosphere x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'burn', 'rafsi' => [ 'jel' ], 'gismu' => 'jelca', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is buttery; an edible fat, solid but spreadable at normal temperatures; dairy butter (= ladmatne)]; (cf. grasu, kruji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains butter/oleo/margarine/shortening from source x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'butter', 'gismu' => 'matne', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinki)', 'def' => 'x1 is a butterfly/moth of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'butterfly', 'rafsi' => [ 'tod' ], 'gismu' => 'toldi', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[also ass, behind, butt]; (cf. ganxo, mabla)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the buttock(s)/arse/rear/seat [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: rounded surface, support]', 'origin' => '\'arse\'', 'shortdef' => 'buttock', 'rafsi' => [ 'zag', 'za\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'zargu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jadni, balji, punji, jgari, lasna)', 'def' => 'x1 is a button/knob/[handle] on/for item x2, with purpose x3, made of material x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'button', 'gismu' => 'batke', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. stagi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of cabbage/lettuce/leafy vegetable of species/strain x2', 'origin' => '\'cole-\'', 'shortdef' => 'cabbage', 'rafsi' => [ 'kob', 'ko\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'kobli', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bloti, marce, vinji, karce)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cabin of vehicle x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cabin', 'gismu' => 'sabnu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kancu, jdice, skami)', 'def' => 'x1 calculates/reckons/computes x2 [value (ni)/state] from data x3 by process x4', 'origin' => '\'reckon\'', 'shortdef' => 'calculate', 'rafsi' => [ 'kaj' ], 'gismu' => 'kanji', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '[llama (= tcokumte), Bactrian camel (= zdokumte); Arabian camel/dromedary (= rabykumte)]; (cf. sunla, kanla, xirma, xasli)', 'def' => 'x1 is a camel/llama/alpaca/vicuna/dromedary of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'camel', 'gismu' => 'kumte', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lenjo)', 'def' => 'x1 is a camera/photographic equipment recording illumination type x2 images to medium x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'camera', 'gismu' => 'kacma', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. dinju, xabju, zdani)', 'def' => 'x1 is a camp/encampment/temporary residence of x2 at location x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'camp', 'rafsi' => [ 'gik' ], 'gismu' => 'ginka', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ap' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. botpi, baktu, tinci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a can/tightly sealed/pre-sealed container for perishable contents x2, made of x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'can', 'gismu' => 'lante', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bemro, glico)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Canadian culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Canadian', 'gismu' => 'kadno', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[x2/x3 may be unordered]; (cf. pluta, rirxe, klaji, dargu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a canal/channel to x2 from x3 with route x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'canal', 'rafsi' => [ 'nax', 'xle' ], 'gismu' => 'naxle', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ap' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bilma, mikce, spita)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cancer [malignant disease] in x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cancer', 'rafsi' => [ 'ken' ], 'gismu' => 'kenra', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 candela [metric unit] in luminosity (default is 1) by standard x3', 'origin' => '\'candle-power\'', 'shortdef' => 'candela', 'rafsi' => [ 'del', 'de\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'delno', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'af' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. taxfu, stedu, drudi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cap/hat/crown/helmet/piece of headgear [head-top garment] of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cap', 'rafsi' => [ 'map' ], 'gismu' => 'mapku', 'unknown2' => '18', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jitro, lidne, te bende, minde, ralju, gidva, bloti)', 'def' => 'x1 is captain/commander/leader/in-charge/boss of vehicle/domain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'captain', 'rafsi' => [ 'ja\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'jatna', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[catch something thrown (= rerkavbu)]; (cf. jersi, kalte, pinfu, sisku, se rinju)', 'def' => 'x1 captures/catches/apprehends/seizes/nabs x2 with trap/restraint x3', 'origin' => '\'catch\'', 'shortdef' => 'capture', 'rafsi' => [ 'kav' ], 'gismu' => 'kavbu', 'unknown2' => '33', 'unknown1' => '8e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. carce, xislu, marce, sabnu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a car/automobile/truck/van [a wheeled motor vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'car', 'gismu' => 'karce', 'unknown2' => '121', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kolme)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of carbon/graphite/[diamond]/charcoal; x1 is organic', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'carbon', 'rafsi' => [ 'tab' ], 'gismu' => 'tabno', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ag' }, { 'notes' => '(x3 shape default rectangular); (cf. matci, tapla, plita)', 'def' => 'x1 is a card [small nearly-2-dimensional shape/form] of material x2, shape x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'card', 'gismu' => 'karda', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[alienation from x2 to x3 is implied]; (cf. marce, muvdu, benji, klama)', 'def' => 'x1 carries/hauls/bears/transports cargo x2 to x3 from x4 over path x5; x1 is a carrier/[porter]', 'origin' => '\'bear\'', 'shortdef' => 'carry', 'rafsi' => [ 'bev', 'bei ' ], 'gismu' => 'bevri', 'unknown2' => '149', 'unknown1' => '2b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. karce, xislu, marce, matra)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cart/carriage/wagon [wheeled vehicle] for carrying x2, propelled by x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cart', 'gismu' => 'carce', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. patlu, genja, jalna)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of cassava/taro/manioc/tapioca/yam [edible starchy root] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => '\'yam\'', 'shortdef' => 'cassava', 'gismu' => 'samcu', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinfo, tirxu, gerku)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cat/[puss/pussy/kitten] [feline animal] of species/breed x2; (adjective:) x1 is feline', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cat', 'rafsi' => [ 'lat' ], 'gismu' => 'mlatu', 'unknown2' => '124', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is a material condition for x2; x1 gives rise to x2]; (cf. gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri\'a, mukti, ciksi, xruti)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cause', 'rafsi' => [ 'rik', 'ri\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'rinka', 'unknown2' => '296', 'unknown1' => '6a' }, { 'notes' => '[also pit, depression, concavity; hollow (= selke\'a)]; (cf. fenra, kunti, canlu, canko, galxe, tubnu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cavity/hole/hollow/cavern in x2; x1 is concave within x2; x2 is hollow at locus x1', 'origin' => '\'cave\'', 'shortdef' => 'cavity', 'rafsi' => [ 'kev', 'ke\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'kevna', 'unknown2' => '148', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. fanmo, mulno, cfari, denpa, fliba)', 'def' => 'x1 [agent] ceases/stops/halts/ends activity/process/state x2 [not necessarily completing it]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cease', 'rafsi' => [ 'sti' ], 'gismu' => 'sisti', 'unknown2' => '117', 'unknown1' => '1g' }, { 'notes' => '[x3 (and nunsla) festival/fiesta/celebration/occasion/fair/[holiday (some senses)]; not limited to the ameliorative interpretation of \'celebrate\': funeral (= mrobixsla)]; (cf. sinma, jbena)', 'def' => 'x1 celebrates/recognizes/honors x2 (event/abstract) with activity/[party] x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'celebrate', 'rafsi' => [ 'sla' ], 'gismu' => 'salci', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '(x2 generally has mass nature); (cf. kantu for properties, activities; ratni, gradu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cell/atom/unit/molecule of x2; x1 is an indivisible, most basic subunit of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cell', 'rafsi' => [ 'sle' ], 'gismu' => 'selci', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '[also pfennig, paisa, sen, fen, dinar, etc.; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (additional secondary, tertiary, etc. subunit places may be added as x4, x5, x6, ...); (cf. sicni, jdini, jdima, vecnu, rupnu, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)', 'def' => 'x1 is measured in kopeck/cent money-subunits as x2 [quantity], in monetary system x3', 'origin' => '\'penny\'', 'shortdef' => 'cent', 'rafsi' => [ 'fep', 'fei ' ], 'gismu' => 'fepni', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => '5e' }, { 'notes' => '[made of baked clay or other non-metallic solid; x3: composition including x3, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. kliti)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of ceramic made by x2, of composition x3, in form/shape x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ceramic', 'rafsi' => [ 'tak' ], 'gismu' => 'staku', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jetnu, jinvi, krici, djuno, senpi, sruma)', 'def' => 'x1 is certain/sure/positive/convinced that x2 is true', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'certain', 'rafsi' => [ 'bit' ], 'gismu' => 'birti', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '3l' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skori)', 'def' => 'x1 is a length of chain/links of material x2 with link properties x3', 'origin' => '\'links\'', 'shortdef' => 'chain', 'rafsi' => [ 'lin' ], 'gismu' => 'linsi', 'unknown2' => '21', 'unknown1' => '9f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nilce, zutse, jubme, ckana)', 'def' => 'x1 is a chair/stool/seat/bench, a piece or portion of a piece of furniture intended for sitting', 'origin' => '\'stool\'', 'shortdef' => 'chair', 'rafsi' => [ 'tiz' ], 'gismu' => 'stizu', 'unknown2' => '155', 'unknown1' => '1f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pinsi, blabi, jilka)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of chalk from source x2 in form x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'chalk', 'gismu' => 'bakri', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jinga, damba, darlu, jivna, nandu for a challenging event/situation)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) challenges x2 at/in property x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'challenge', 'rafsi' => [ 'tal' ], 'gismu' => 'talsa', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cunso, cnici)', 'def' => 'x1 is chaotic/disordered in property/aspect x2 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'chaotic', 'rafsi' => [ 'kas' ], 'gismu' => 'kalsa', 'unknown2' => '29', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. platu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a chart/diagram/map of/about x2 showing formation/data-points x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'chart', 'rafsi' => [ 'cat' ], 'gismu' => 'cartu', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 follows after x2]; (cf. kavbu, rivbi, kalte, lidne)', 'def' => 'x1 chases/pursues/(physically) follows after x2; volition is not implied for x1 or x2', 'origin' => '\'pursue\'', 'shortdef' => 'chase', 'rafsi' => [ 'je\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'jersi', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => 'as' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ladru)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains cheese/curd from source x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cheese', 'gismu' => 'cirla', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. curve, cidro, marna, nimre)', 'def' => 'x1 is an instance of substance/chemical/drug x2 (individual or mass) with purity x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'chemical', 'rafsi' => [ 'xum', 'xu\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'xukmi', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cnebo, betfu, xadni, tanxe)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the chest/thorax/upper trunk/[rib cage/breast] [body-part] of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'chest', 'rafsi' => [ 'cut' ], 'gismu' => 'cutne', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cipni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a chicken/[hen/cock/rooster]/small fowl [a type of bird] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'chicken', 'gismu' => 'jipci', 'unknown2' => '18', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '[not necessarily human]; (cf. cifnu, makcu, citno, panzi, nanla, nixli, se rirni, bersa)', 'def' => 'x1 is a child/kid/juvenile [a young person] of age x2, immature by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'child', 'rafsi' => [ 'ver', 've\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'verba', 'unknown2' => '74', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xazdo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Chinese [Mandarin, Cantonese, Wu, etc.] culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Chinese', 'rafsi' => [ 'jug' ], 'gismu' => 'jungo', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[also bromine; default chlorine] (cf. xukmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of halogen of type x2 [chlorine, fluorine, iodine, etc.]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'chlorine', 'gismu' => 'kliru', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ag' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ckafi)', 'def' => 'x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of chocolate/cocoa', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'chocolate', 'gismu' => 'cakla', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => '2j' }, { 'notes' => '[also prefer (= nelcu\'a)]; (cf. jdice, pajni, nelci)', 'def' => 'x1 chooses/selects x2 [choice] from set/sequence of alternatives x3 (complete set)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'choose', 'rafsi' => [ 'cux', 'cu\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'cuxna', 'unknown2' => '77', 'unknown1' => '2f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jegvo, lijda)', 'def' => 'x1 pertains to the Christian religion/culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Christian', 'rafsi' => [ 'xis', 'xi\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'xriso', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => 'ac' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jinme)', 'def' => 'x1 is a highly reflective/polished non-tarnishing metallic surface, of metal x2 [often chromium]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'chrome', 'rafsi' => [ 'rog' ], 'gismu' => 'romge', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ag' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. danmo, jelca, tanko, marna)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cigar/cigarette/cigarillo made from tobacco/smokable substance x2 by x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cigar', 'rafsi' => [ 'sig' ], 'gismu' => 'sigja', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also motion picture; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject; cartoon/animation (= selxraci\'a skina); television/tv show (= tivyskina, regardless of length, factual content, etc.)]; (cf. tivni, vidni, pixra, finti)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cinema/movie/film about x2 [plot/theme/subject/activity], filmmaker x3, for audience x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cinema', 'rafsi' => [ 'kin' ], 'gismu' => 'skina', 'unknown2' => '32', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. krasi)', 'def' => 'x1 cites/quotes/refers to/makes reference to source x2 for information/statement x3 (du\'u)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cite', 'rafsi' => [ 'sit' ], 'gismu' => 'sitna', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '8b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grute, slari, slami, xukmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of citrus [fruit/tree, etc.] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => '\'lime\'', 'shortdef' => 'citrus', 'gismu' => 'nimre', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is urban]; (cf. jarbu, nurma, cecmu, jarbu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a town/city of metropolitan area x2, in political unit x3, serving hinterland/region x4', 'origin' => '\'town\'', 'shortdef' => 'city', 'rafsi' => [ 'tca' ], 'gismu' => 'tcadu', 'unknown2' => '68', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '[also type, kind, classification, species, genus, family, order, phylum]; (cf. cmavo list le\'a, cmima, jutsi, ciste, girzu, lanzu, vrici)', 'def' => 'x1 (mass/si\'o) is a class/category/subgroup/subset within x2 with defining property x3 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'class', 'rafsi' => [ 'kle', 'lei ' ], 'gismu' => 'klesi', 'unknown2' => '63', 'unknown1' => '7c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. denci, jirna, batci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the claw/nail/talon [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed, penetrating, physical weapon]', 'origin' => '\'talon\'', 'shortdef' => 'claw', 'rafsi' => [ 'ja\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'jgalu', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. dertu, pesxu, staku)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of clay [moist, clammy dirt] of composition including x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'clay', 'rafsi' => [ 'kit' ], 'gismu' => 'kliti', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lumci, jinru, curve, sepli)', 'def' => 'x1 (object) is clean/pure of material/contaminant/dirt x2 by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'clean', 'rafsi' => [ 'jis' ], 'gismu' => 'jinsa', 'unknown2' => '14', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '[also lucid; x2 remains apparent/lucid/clear (figurative use for \'understandable\' is discouraged, better expressed as = filseljmi)]; (cf. kandi, zunti - nalzu\'i is better for \'unhindered\')', 'def' => 'x1 (object/medium) is clear/transparent/without obstacle to in-the-clear x2 [transmission]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'clear', 'rafsi' => [ 'kli' ], 'gismu' => 'klina', 'unknown2' => '32', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. klama, litru, bajra, farlu, plipe)', 'def' => 'x1 climbs/clambers/creeps/crawls on surface x2 in direction x3 using x4 [limbs/tools]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'climb', 'rafsi' => [ 'par' ], 'gismu' => 'cpare', 'unknown2' => '56', 'unknown1' => '2b' }, { 'notes' => '[also timepiece]; (cf. cacra, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)', 'def' => 'x1 is clock/watch/timer measuring time units x2 to precision x3 with timing mechanism/method x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'clock', 'rafsi' => [ 'jul' ], 'gismu' => 'junla', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '[as a doorway, but also perhaps a semi-permeable membrane]; (cf. kalri, pagre, canko, vorme, zunti)', 'def' => 'x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is closed/shut/not open, preventing passage/access to x2 by x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'closed', 'rafsi' => [ 'ga\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'ganlo', 'unknown2' => '28', 'unknown1' => '1e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mapni, matli, sunla, slasi, silka)', 'def' => 'x1 is an amount of cloth/fabric of type/material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cloth', 'rafsi' => [ 'buk', 'bu\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'bukpu', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. carvi, tcima)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cloud of material x2 in air mass x3 at floor/base elevation x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cloud', 'rafsi' => [ 'dil' ], 'gismu' => 'dilnu', 'unknown2' => '28', 'unknown1' => '4h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sluji, muvdu)', 'def' => 'x1 (action) is clumsy/awkward by standard x2', 'origin' => '\'awkward\'', 'shortdef' => 'clumsy', 'rafsi' => [ 'jux' ], 'gismu' => 'juxre', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tabno, tarla)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of coal/peat/anthracite/bituminous from source x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'coal', 'rafsi' => [ 'kol', 'ko\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'kolme', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pastu, sunla, taxfu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a coat/jacket/sweater/cloak/[cape/shawl/pullover] [extra outer garment] of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'coat', 'rafsi' => [ 'kos' ], 'gismu' => 'kosta', 'unknown2' => '23', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '[also grasshopper (= pipyjalra); cricket (= sanjalra); locust, termite (= mantyjalra or mudyctijalra)]; (while cockroaches are an order unto themselves, they are part of Orthoptera, which includes grasshoppers, crickets, etc; termites are a closely-related non-Orthoptera, more akin to cockroaches than to e.g. ants); (cf. cinki, civla, manti)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cockroach/[orthopteran/termite] of order/species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cockroach', 'gismu' => 'jalra', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[code (= termifra)]; (cf. mipri, lerfu, sinxa)', 'def' => 'x1 is encoded/cipher text of plain-text x2 by code/coding system x3; x1 is in code; x3 is a code', 'origin' => '\'cipher\'', 'shortdef' => 'code', 'rafsi' => [ 'mif' ], 'gismu' => 'mifra', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[brew based on a seed/bean/grain; e.g. also chicory coffee, decaf, postum] (cf. tcati, brewed from a leaf, barja, cakla)', 'def' => 'x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of coffee from source/bean/grain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'coffee', 'rafsi' => [ 'kaf' ], 'gismu' => 'ckafi', 'unknown2' => '23', 'unknown1' => '2j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. fepni, jdini, rupnu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a coin/token/is specie issued by x2 having value x3 of composition including x4', 'origin' => '\'specie\'', 'shortdef' => 'coin', 'rafsi' => [ 'si\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'sicni', 'unknown2' => '32', 'unknown1' => '5e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. glare, bisli)', 'def' => 'x1 is cold/cool by standard x2', 'origin' => '\'cool\'', 'shortdef' => 'cold', 'rafsi' => [ 'lek' ], 'gismu' => 'lenku', 'unknown2' => '52', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '[also sphincter]; (cf. sruri, djine)', 'def' => 'x1 is a collar/ring/belt/band around/surrounding x2 made of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'collar', 'gismu' => 'karli', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(also collide = simjanli for a collision between two moving objects); (cf. darxi)', 'def' => 'x1 collides with/crashes/bumps/runs into x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'collide', 'rafsi' => [ 'jal' ], 'gismu' => 'janli', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '[conditions may include lighting, background, etc.]; (cf. blanu, bunre, cicna, cinta, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xunre, zirpu, carmi, kandi, xekri, blabi)', 'def' => 'x1 is/appears to be of color/hue x2 as perceived/seen by x3 under conditions x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'color', 'rafsi' => [ 'ska' ], 'gismu' => 'skari', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '[spine (= bogykamju), vertebra (= kamjybo\'u)]; (cf. ckana, garna, sanli, slanu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a column/pillar of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'column', 'gismu' => 'kamju', 'unknown2' => '18', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. julne, forca, burcu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a comb [many-needled shape] of material x2 with tines/needles x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'comb', 'rafsi' => [ 'kom' ], 'gismu' => 'komcu', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinmo)', 'def' => 'x1 feels comfort/is comfortable with conditions/environmental property(ies) x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'comfort', 'rafsi' => [ 'kuf' ], 'gismu' => 'kufra', 'unknown2' => '34', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 orders/sets/[triggers] x2 to do/bring about x3; x1 is a commander; commanded (= termi\'e)]; (cf. lacri, te bende, jatna, ralju, jitro, turni, tinbe)', 'def' => 'x1 issues commands/orders to x2 for result x3 (event/state) to happen; x3 is commanded to occur', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'command', 'rafsi' => [ 'mid', 'mi\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'minde', 'unknown2' => '91', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x3 comments/remarks/says x1 about x2 (= terselpinka for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, cusku, zgana, lanli, bacru, ciska)', 'def' => 'x1 (text) is a comment/remark/observation about subject x2 expressed by x3 to audience x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'comment', 'rafsi' => [ 'pik' ], 'gismu' => 'pinka', 'unknown2' => '107', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[board of directors/trustees/cabinet (= trukamni, gritrukamni)] (cf. bende, kagni)', 'def' => 'x1 (mass) is a committee with task/purpose x2 of body x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'committee', 'gismu' => 'kamni', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cafne, rirci, fadni, cnano, tcaci, lakne, cmima, simxu)', 'def' => 'x1 (property - ka) is common/general/universal among members of set x2 (complete set)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'common', 'rafsi' => [ 'kau ' ], 'gismu' => 'kampu', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bende, kulnu, natmi, tcadu, jecta, girzu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a community/colony of organisms x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'community', 'rafsi' => [ 'cem', 'ce\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'cecmu', 'unknown2' => '33', 'unknown1' => '7c' }, { 'notes' => '[also enterprise/organization (if chartered)]; (cf. kansa, kamni, banxa, bende)', 'def' => 'x1 is a company/corporation/firm/partnership chartered by authority x2 for purpose x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'company', 'rafsi' => [ 'kag' ], 'gismu' => 'kagni', 'unknown2' => '25', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. klani, mapti, sarxe, zmadu, mleca, dunli)', 'def' => 'x1 [observer] compares x2 with x3 in property x4 (ka), determining comparison x5 (state)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'compare', 'rafsi' => [ 'kab' ], 'gismu' => 'karbi', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '[also x2 opponent(s), competitor(s), rival(s); x3 competition, race; x4 prize, reward, recognition (gain may be internal or external)]; (cf. cnemu, jinga, talsa, bradi, fapro, kelci)', 'def' => 'x1 competes/vies with opponent x2 in contest/competition x3 (event) for gain x4; x1 rivals x2', 'origin' => '\'rival\'', 'shortdef' => 'compete', 'rafsi' => [ 'jvi' ], 'gismu' => 'jivna', 'unknown2' => '48', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '[also perfected, entirety; (adverb/adjective:) entire, total, integral, fully, totally, wholly, completely, entirely]; (cf. fanmo, culno, pagbu, xadba, prane, jalge, sumji, munje, sisti, xadni)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) is complete/done/finished; x1 (object) has become whole in property x2 by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'complete', 'rafsi' => [ 'mul', 'mu\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'mulno', 'unknown2' => '181', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[also tangled, confused]; (cf. cfipu, banli, sampu, jgena)', 'def' => 'x1 is complex/complicated/involved in aspect/property x2 (ka) by standard x3', 'origin' => '\'complex\'', 'shortdef' => 'complicated', 'rafsi' => [ 'luj' ], 'gismu' => 'pluja', 'unknown2' => '28', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kanji, minji, pensi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a computer for purpose x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'computer', 'rafsi' => [ 'sam' ], 'gismu' => 'skami', 'unknown2' => '69', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cilmo, dunja, febvi, runme, bumru)', 'def' => 'x1 condenses/liquefies on/into x2 at temperature x3, pressure x4; x1 is dew/condensate on x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'condense', 'rafsi' => [ 'lus' ], 'gismu' => 'lunsa', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also ellipse, ellipsoid (= konclupa)]; (cf. jesni, djine, sovda, kojna, jganu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cone [shape/form] of material x2 with vertex x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cone', 'rafsi' => [ 'kon', 'ko\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'konju', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pluja, cfipu, zunti)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/state) confuses/baffles x2 [observer] due to [confusing] property x3 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'confusing', 'rafsi' => [ 'fi\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'cfipu', 'unknown2' => '64', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tricu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a conifer/pine/fir of species/strain x2 with cones x3', 'origin' => '\'cone\'', 'shortdef' => 'conifer', 'rafsi' => [ 'ku\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'ckunu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. vlina)', 'def' => 'x1 is a conjunction, stating that x2 (du\'u) and x3 (du\'u) are both true', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'conjunction', 'rafsi' => [ 'kax' ], 'gismu' => 'kanxe', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '7a' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 knows [of] x2 (one sense); awareness implies some amount of mental processing above and beyond mere sensory detection, and may also be applied to mental relationships that are not detected by the senses]; (cf. menli, morji, ganse, sipna, cikna)', 'def' => 'x1 is conscious/aware of x2 (object/abstract); x1 discerns/recognizes x2 (object/abstract)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'conscious', 'rafsi' => [ 'saj' ], 'gismu' => 'sanji', 'unknown2' => '48', 'unknown1' => '6m' }, { 'notes' => '[also stable/consistent/steadfast/firm/steady]; (cf. cenba, stika, stali, vitno, manfo, zasni, tinsa, jdari)', 'def' => 'x1 is constant/invariant/unchanging in property x2 (ka) in response to stimulus/conditions x3', 'origin' => '\'stable\'', 'shortdef' => 'constant', 'rafsi' => [ 'sto' ], 'gismu' => 'stodi', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '[also accommodates, container; containment need not be total; x2 is [contained] in x1 (= selvau for reordered places)]; (cf. bartu, jbini, nenri, zvati, cpana, botpi, lanka)', 'def' => 'x1 contains/holds/encloses/includes contents x2 within; x1 is a vessel containing x2', 'origin' => '\'vessel\'', 'shortdef' => 'contain', 'rafsi' => [ 'vas', 'vau ' ], 'gismu' => 'vasru', 'unknown2' => '71', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. temci, kuspe, renvi, cedra, citsi, manfo, vitci, cukla, fliba, preja, tcena)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/state) continues/persists over interval x2; x1 (property - ka) is continuous over x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'continue', 'rafsi' => [ 'ra\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'ranji', 'unknown2' => '143', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 are aspects/individuals controlled within activity/event x3; manage (= selzuktro, selzukfu\'e, gu\'etro, gunfu\'e, xaktro, xakfu\'e) (as distinct from manager/boss = gunterbe\'e, gunja\'a, gunmi\'e, gunca\'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ji\'o, bapli, te bende, gidva - which does not necessarily control or command, jatna, macnu, minde, ponse, ralju, rinka, sazri, turni, vlipa, xance, xlura)', 'def' => 'x1 has control over/harnesses/manages/directs/conducts x2 in x3 (activity/event/performance)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'control', 'rafsi' => [ 'tro' ], 'gismu' => 'jitro', 'unknown2' => '26', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[cook with heat (= glajukpa, glaterjukpa), bake (= tokyjukpa); fry (= rasyjukpa)]; (cf. cupra, bredi)', 'def' => 'x1 cooks/prepares food-for-eating x2 by recipe/method x3 (process)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cook', 'rafsi' => [ 'jup' ], 'gismu' => 'jukpa', 'unknown2' => '57', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jinme, lastu, ransu)', 'def' => 'x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of copper (Cu); [metaphor: reddish, electrical conductor]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'copper', 'rafsi' => [ 'tuk' ], 'gismu' => 'tunka', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '5e' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 and x2 are symmetrical; mounts (= cpanygle)]; (cf. cinse, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, mabla, speni)', 'def' => 'x1 copulates/fucks/mates/has coitus/sexual intercourse with x2', 'origin' => '\'coitus\'', 'shortdef' => 'copulate', 'rafsi' => [ 'let', 'gle' ], 'gismu' => 'gletu', 'unknown2' => '33', 'unknown1' => 'as' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. krefu, rapli, gidva)', 'def' => 'x1 is a copy/replica/duplicate/clone of x2 in form/medium x3 made by method x4 (event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'copy', 'rafsi' => [ 'fuk', 'fu\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'fukpi', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => '8b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cilta, jgena, marna, bikla, linsi)', 'def' => 'x1 is cord/cable/rope/line/twine/cordage/woven strands of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cord', 'rafsi' => [ 'sko' ], 'gismu' => 'skori', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => '9f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tricu, calku, skapi, stagi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cork/bark from tree/species x2; [material]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cork', 'rafsi' => [ 'kok' ], 'gismu' => 'korka', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '[also apex; a corner exists on three dimensions but need not be limited to points; it suggests a discontinuity in slope in some direction; i.e. in some planar cross-section]; (cf. jipno, konju, bliku, fanmo, jganu, krasi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a corner/point/at-least-3-dimensional [solid] angle [shape/form] in/on x2, of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'corner', 'rafsi' => [ 'koj', 'ko\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'kojna', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. srera, mapti)', 'def' => 'x1 is correct/proper/right/perfect in property/aspect x2 (ka) in situation x3 by standard x4', 'origin' => '\'right\'', 'shortdef' => 'correct', 'rafsi' => [ 'dra' ], 'gismu' => 'drani', 'unknown2' => '91', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= poskargu for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vamji, dirba, vajni, jdima, pleji, canja, jerna, jinga, jemna, sfasa, vecnu)', 'def' => 'x1 (object/commodity/property/event) is costly/expensive/dear to x2 by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'costly', 'gismu' => 'kargu', 'unknown2' => '55', 'unknown1' => '5e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bukpu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of cotton [type of fabric/material]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cotton', 'gismu' => 'mapni', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bilma, senci, sputu, vamtu)', 'def' => 'x1 coughs/farts/burps up/out x2 [predominantly gaseous] from orifice x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cough', 'gismu' => 'kafke', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(x2 is complete set); (cf. kanji, satci, merli)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) counts the number in set x2 to be x3 [number/count] counting [off] by units x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'count', 'rafsi' => [ 'kac' ], 'gismu' => 'kancu', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => '3a' }, { 'notes' => '[also sovereignty, domestic (as opposed to foreign), nation (when not referring to ethos)]; (cf. turni, natmi, jecta, tumla, tutra, lanci)', 'def' => 'x1 is the country of peoples x2 with land/territory x3; (people/territory relationship)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'country', 'rafsi' => [ 'gug', 'gu\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'gugde', 'unknown2' => '81', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[probably preferred for metaphorical siblings (over bruna)] (cf. dzena, famti, mensi, bruna, tunba)', 'def' => 'x1 is cousin to x2 by bond/tie x3; [non-immediate family member, default same generation]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cousin', 'gismu' => 'tamne', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pilka, gapru, marbi, drudi, ve botpi, bitmu, calku)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cover/[lid/top] for covering/concealing/sheltering x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cover', 'rafsi' => [ 'gai ' ], 'gismu' => 'gacri', 'unknown2' => '83', 'unknown1' => '9f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kevna, cfila, jinto)', 'def' => 'x1 is a crack/fissure/pass/cleft/ravine/chasm/[defect/flaw] [shape/form] in x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'crack', 'rafsi' => [ 'fer', 'fe\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'fenra', 'unknown2' => '106', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bebna, racli, xajmi)', 'def' => 'x1 (action/event) is crazy/insane/mad/frantic/in a frenzy (one sense) by standard x2', 'origin' => '\'frenzy\'', 'shortdef' => 'crazy', 'rafsi' => [ 'fek' ], 'gismu' => 'fenki', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]]; (cf. ladru, matne)', 'def' => 'x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of cream/emulsion/puree [consistency] of composition x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cream', 'rafsi' => [ 'ruj' ], 'gismu' => 'kruji', 'unknown2' => '18', 'unknown1' => '2j' }, { 'notes' => '(x1 is a mass; x2 is a set completely specified); [also orchestra (= zgibe\'e, balzgibe\'e), outfit; x3 conductor; business, not necessarily incorporated (= cajbe\'e, venbe\'e)]; (cf. gunma, girzu, dansu, jatna, jitro, kagni, kamni, minde, ralju, cecmu, gidva)', 'def' => 'x1 is a crew/team/gang/squad/band of persons x2 directed/led by x3 organized for purpose x4', 'origin' => '\'band\'', 'shortdef' => 'crew', 'rafsi' => [ 'bed', 'be\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'bende', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ap' }, { 'notes' => '[taboo (= kluzei, cacyzei); sin (= madzei, jdamadzei); heresy (= jdazei)]; (cf. flalu, sfasa, zungi, palci, lijda, pajni, javni, tcaci, marde, pulji, tinbe)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/state) is a crime/[taboo/offense/sin] to people/culture/judges/jury x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'crime', 'rafsi' => [ 'zer', 'zei ' ], 'gismu' => 'zekri', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xendo, jursa)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) is cruel/mean/unkind to victim x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cruel', 'rafsi' => [ 'kus' ], 'gismu' => 'kusru', 'unknown2' => '21', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grute, calku, skapi (pilka as a general term includes skapi), gacri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a crust/rind/peel/skin/hide/outer cover of x2', 'origin' => '\'peel\'', 'shortdef' => 'crust', 'rafsi' => [ 'pil', 'pi\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'pilka', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '9f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. klaku, bacru)', 'def' => 'x1 cries out/yells/howls sound x2; x1 is a crier', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cry out', 'rafsi' => [ 'kix', 'ki\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'krixa', 'unknown2' => '53', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. jemna, bisli)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of crystal of composition x2 in form/arrangement x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'crystal', 'gismu' => 'krili', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kurfa - needed for \'cube\', bliku for a physical object; tanbo, tapla, tarmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cube/regular polyhedron/polygon of dimensions x2 (def. 3), surfaces/sides x3 (def. 6)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cube', 'rafsi' => [ 'kub' ], 'gismu' => 'kubli', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[foot (= jmagutci); yard (= cibjmagutci), pace (= tapygutci), inch (= degygutci), cubit (= birgutci)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 (default 1) short local distance unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, x4 subunits', 'origin' => '\'foot\'', 'shortdef' => 'cubit', 'rafsi' => [ 'guc' ], 'gismu' => 'gutci', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'al' }, { 'notes' => '[(note that x2 is NOT individual; culture is what is shared among people and is not an individual trait)]; (cf. cmavo list ka\'u, cmavo list ku\'u, natmi, cecmu)', 'def' => 'x1 [mass of ideas, customs, skills, arts] is culture of nation/ethos x2 (mass); x1 is ethnic', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'culture', 'rafsi' => [ 'klu' ], 'gismu' => 'kulnu', 'unknown2' => '45', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[a kabri is normally eaten from by lifting it; a palta is not]; (cf. palta, citka, blaci, tansi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cup/glass/tumbler/mug/vessel/[bowl] containing contents x2, and of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cup', 'gismu' => 'kabri', 'unknown2' => '88', 'unknown1' => '2j' }, { 'notes' => '[inquisitive (= retkucli)]; (cf. manci, sisku, se cinri)', 'def' => 'x1 is curious/wonders about/is interested in/[inquisitive about] x2 (object/abstract)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'curious', 'gismu' => 'kucli', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '[curse with a specific expression (= dapsku)]; (cf. mabla, dimna, cnemu, sfasa, dunda, cusku, cirko, jdima)', 'def' => 'x1 curses/damns/condemns x2 to fate (event) x3', 'origin' => '\'damn\'', 'shortdef' => 'curse', 'rafsi' => [ 'dap' ], 'gismu' => 'dapma', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. canko, vorme)', 'def' => 'x1 is a curtain/blinds/drapes for covering/obscuring aperture x2, and made of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'curtain', 'rafsi' => [ 'mur', 'mu\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'murta', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is curved; (x4 as a set of points is sufficiently specified to identify the relevant properties of the bend)]; (cf. korcu, bargu, genxu, linji, sirji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a curve/turn/bend in x2, at locus x3, and defined by set of points/properties x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'curve', 'rafsi' => [ 'ruv', 'kru' ], 'gismu' => 'kruvi', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ckana, matci)', 'def' => 'x1 cushions x2 with material x3; x1 is a cushion/pillow/pad [for x2] of padding material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cushion', 'rafsi' => [ 'kic', 'ki\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'kicne', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => 'an' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is customary/usual/the practice]; (cf. fadni, kampu, lakne, jinzi, ckaji, cnano, tarti, ritli, javni, zekri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a custom/habit/[ritual/rut] of x2 under conditions x3', 'origin' => '\'habit\'', 'shortdef' => 'custom', 'rafsi' => [ 'cac' ], 'gismu' => 'tcaci', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[for x1 force, it is a force acting as a blade, not acting upon a blade; agentive cutting (= ka\'argau, ka\'arzu\'e)]; (cf. kakpa, sraku for cutting into without division; plixa, dakfu, jinci, porpi, spofu, tunta, xrani, fatri, fendi, balre, dilcu)', 'def' => 'x1 (tool/blade/force) cuts [through]/splits/divides x2 (object) into pieces x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cut', 'rafsi' => [ 'ka\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'katna', 'unknown2' => '25', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, crino, blanu)', 'def' => 'x1 is cyan/turquoise/greenish-blue [color adjective]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cyan', 'gismu' => 'cicna', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kamju, gunro)', 'def' => 'x1 is a cylinder [shape/form] of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'cylinder', 'gismu' => 'slanu', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bende, zgike, zajba)', 'def' => 'x1 (individual, mass) dances to accompaniment/music/rhythm x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'dance', 'gismu' => 'dansu', 'unknown2' => '55', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. blabi, gusni, ctino; use kandi or xekri with colors, ctino)', 'def' => 'x1 is dark/lacking in illumination', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'dark', 'rafsi' => [ 'man' ], 'gismu' => 'manku', 'unknown2' => '67', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '[evidence (= velji\'i datni or just velji\'i, sidydatni)] (cf. fatci, saske, vreji)', 'def' => 'x1 (du\'u) [fact/measurement] is data/information/statistic(s) about x2 gathered by method x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'data', 'gismu' => 'datni', 'unknown2' => '14', 'unknown1' => '8b' }, { 'notes' => '(time units in x1 are specified as numbers separated by pi\'e or are unit values massified with joi); (cf. cmavo list de\'i, djedi, jeftu, masti, nanca, tcika)', 'def' => 'x1 is the date [day,{week},{month},year] of event/state x2, at location x3, by calendar x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'date', 'rafsi' => [ 'det' ], 'gismu' => 'detri', 'unknown2' => '29', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bersa, panzi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a daughter of mother/father/parents x2; [not necessarily biological]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'daughter', 'rafsi' => [ 'tix', 'ti\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'tixnu', 'unknown2' => '23', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nicte, djedi, tcika)', 'def' => 'x1 is the daytime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal (vs. nocturnal)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'daytime', 'rafsi' => [ 'dor', 'do\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'donri', 'unknown2' => '14', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '[die/mortal (= mrobi\'o, co\'urji\'e)]; (cf. jmive, catra, betri)', 'def' => 'x1 is dead/has ceased to be alive', 'origin' => '\'mort-\'', 'shortdef' => 'dead', 'rafsi' => [ 'mro' ], 'gismu' => 'morsi', 'unknown2' => '244', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydirba for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. tcika, kargu, vamji, vajni, pleji, jadni, jemna)', 'def' => 'x1 is dear/precious/darling to x2; x1 is emotionally valued by x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'dear', 'rafsi' => [ 'dib' ], 'gismu' => 'dirba', 'unknown2' => '18', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '[agentive deception (= ticygau, ticyzu\'e); x3 could be an action or a belief on the part of x2; harmful intent or result is not implied (= malticyzu\'e for such harmful intent); self deception (= sezytcica); deceive/trick into misguided action (= ticyxlu); misguided belief (= tickri); fib/lie/tell an untruth/lie/fib (= ticysku, jifsku), white lie (= zanticysku)]; (cf. stace, xlura, stidi, kajde)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/experience) misleads/deceives/dupes/fools/cheats/tricks x2 into x3 (event/state)', 'origin' => '\'cheat, trick\'', 'shortdef' => 'deceive', 'rafsi' => [ 'tic' ], 'gismu' => 'tcica', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pajni, cuxna, kanji, manri)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) decides/makes decision x2 (du\'u) about matter x3 (event/state)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'decide', 'rafsi' => [ 'jdi' ], 'gismu' => 'jdice', 'unknown2' => '83', 'unknown1' => '2f' }, { 'notes' => '[conversion from fractions to decimal-point based notation] (cf. namcu, frinu)', 'def' => 'x1 (me\'o) is the [decimal/binary] equivalent of fractional x2 (me\'o) in base x3 (quantity)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'decimal', 'gismu' => 'saclu', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'af' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. zenba, mleca, vimcu)', 'def' => 'x1 (experiencer) decreases/contracts/is reduced/diminished in property/quantity x2 by amount x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'decrease', 'gismu' => 'jdika', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. clani, caxno, bargu, ganra, rotsu, barda, gutci, minli)', 'def' => 'x1 is deep in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'deep', 'rafsi' => [ 'con', 'cno', 'coi ' ], 'gismu' => 'condi', 'unknown2' => '57', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mabru, danlu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a deer/elk/moose/[hart/stag/doe] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'deer', 'gismu' => 'mirli', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[also secures (verb); x1 wards/resists x3; protective cover/shield (= badgai)]; (cf. ckape, fanta, fapro, marbi, rivbi, zunti, snura, binra, lunbe, pulji)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) defends/protects x2 (object/state) from threat/peril/potential x3 (event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'defend', 'rafsi' => [ 'bad' ], 'gismu' => 'bandu', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '[easily damaged or rendered less pleasing/pure/effective]; (cf. jdari, ranti, tsali, milxe, kukte)', 'def' => 'x1 is delicate/fragile/subtle/refined in property x2 (ka)', 'origin' => '\'fragile\'', 'shortdef' => 'delicate', 'rafsi' => [ 'rac' ], 'gismu' => 'ralci', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is a delicacy]; (cf. gusta, ralci, vrusi, cpina)', 'def' => 'x1 is delicious/tasty/delightful to observer/sense x2 [person, or sensory activity]', 'origin' => '\'cooked, tasty\'', 'shortdef' => 'delicious', 'rafsi' => [ 'kuk' ], 'gismu' => 'kukte', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => '2j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. carmi, midju, viknu)', 'def' => 'x1 is dense/concentrated/packed/intense in property x2 (ka) at location/locus x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'dense', 'rafsi' => [ 'dem' ], 'gismu' => 'denmi', 'unknown2' => '48', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[also exception (= nafmupli); agentive contradict/deny (= nafxu\'a or tolxu\'a)]; (cf. nibli, tugni, zanru, xusra)', 'def' => 'x1 (du\'u) contradicts/denies/refutes/negates x2 (du\'u) under rules/logic x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'deny', 'rafsi' => [ 'naf', 'na\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'natfe', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '7a' }, { 'notes' => '[also assistant, adjutant]; (cf. krati, sidju)', 'def' => 'x1 is a deputy/vice/subordinate in aspect [or organization principle] x2 (ka) to principal x3', 'origin' => '\'vice\'', 'shortdef' => 'deputy', 'rafsi' => [ 'vip' ], 'gismu' => 'vipsi', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[bloody (British sense), fucking, shit, goddamn]; (cf. palci, dapma, xlali, zabna, funca, ganti, ganxo, gletu, gutra, kalci, pinca, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi, zargu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a derogative connotation/sense of x2 used by x3; x3 derogates/\'curses at\' x2 in form x1', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'derogative', 'rafsi' => [ 'mal' ], 'gismu' => 'mabla', 'unknown2' => '78', 'unknown1' => '3d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lisri, tavla)', 'def' => 'x1 tells about/describes x2 (object/event/state) to audience x3 with description x4 (property)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'describe', 'rafsi' => [ 'ski' ], 'gismu' => 'skicu', 'unknown2' => '97', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[if desire is for an object, this is sumti-raising; use tu\'a in x2 (or use lujvo = po\'edji)]; (cf. taske, xagji, mukti, nitcu, nelci, pacna, prami, rigni, trina, xebni, xlura)', 'def' => 'x1 desires/wants/wishes x2 (event/state) for purpose x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'desire', 'rafsi' => [ 'dji' ], 'gismu' => 'djica', 'unknown2' => '500', 'unknown1' => '3l' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. spofu, xrani, marxa, zalvi, xaksu)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) destroys/ruins/wrecks/despoils x2; x1 is destructive', 'origin' => '\'despoil\'', 'shortdef' => 'destroy', 'rafsi' => [ 'spo' ], 'gismu' => 'daspo', 'unknown2' => '41', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. diklo, steci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a detail/feature/particular of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'detail', 'rafsi' => [ 'til' ], 'gismu' => 'tcila', 'unknown2' => '28', 'unknown1' => '8f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pruce, banro, makcu, ciste, cupra, ferti)', 'def' => 'x1 develops/evolves towards/into x2 from x3 through stages x4', 'origin' => '\'evolve\'', 'shortdef' => 'develop', 'rafsi' => [ 'fav' ], 'gismu' => 'farvi', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '8f' }, { 'notes' => '[also other-than (less common meaning)]; (cf. ranxi, drata, dunli, simsa, vrici)', 'def' => 'x1 differs/is distinct from/contrasts with/is unlike x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'differ', 'rafsi' => [ 'fic' ], 'gismu' => 'frica', 'unknown2' => '46', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. frili, nabmi, jdari, talsa, tinsa)', 'def' => 'x1 is difficult/hard/challenging for x2 under conditions x3; x1 challenges (non-agentive) x2', 'origin' => '\'hard\'', 'shortdef' => 'difficult', 'rafsi' => [ 'nad' ], 'gismu' => 'nandu', 'unknown2' => '54', 'unknown1' => '1i' }, { 'notes' => '[also x1 cuts into x3 (with material removal)]; (cf. katna, plixa, sraku, canpa, sraku)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) digs x2 [material] up/out of x3 [source/hole] with limbs/tool(s) x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'dig', 'gismu' => 'kakpa', 'unknown2' => '29', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[in colors, indicates unsaturated, pastel, pale (though blabi can also indicate a kind of paleness)]; (cf. blabi, carmi, klina, linto, manku, murse, ruble, skari, milxe, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)', 'def' => 'x1 is dim/dull/pale/non-intense in property x2 (ka) as received/measured by observer x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'dim', 'rafsi' => [ 'kad' ], 'gismu' => 'kandi', 'unknown2' => '39', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. morna, ckilu, merli, manri)', 'def' => 'x1 (property - ka) is a dimension of space/object x2 according to rules/model x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'dimension', 'gismu' => 'cimde', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'al' }, { 'notes' => '[(for) x3 polity, (use tu\'a); also ambassador (= raljansu, trujansu)]; (cf. jecta, krati)', 'def' => 'x1 is a diplomat/consul representing polity x2 in/at negotiation x3 for function/purpose x4', 'origin' => '\'consul\'', 'shortdef' => 'diplomat', 'rafsi' => [ 'jas' ], 'gismu' => 'jansu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 is towards x1 from x3 (= selfa\'a for reordered places)]; (cf. zunle, pritu, galtu, gapru, cnita, dizlo, berti, snanu, stuna, stici, purci, balvi, lidne)', 'def' => 'x1 is the direction of x2 (object/event) from origin/in frame of reference x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'direction', 'rafsi' => [ 'far', 'fa\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'farna', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is earthen; x3: composition including x3, which need not be exhaustive of composition]; (cf. kliti, terdi, loldi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of dirt/soil/earth/ground from source x2 of composition x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'dirt', 'rafsi' => [ 'der', 'de\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'dertu', 'unknown2' => '100', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cirko, djuno, jijnu, smadi, sisku)', 'def' => 'x1 discovers/finds out x2 (du\'u) about subject/object x3; x1 finds (fi) x3 (object)', 'origin' => '\'find\'', 'shortdef' => 'discover', 'rafsi' => [ 'fak', 'fa\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'facki', 'unknown2' => '128', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '[also chat, converse]; (cf. bacru, cusku, darlu, tavla)', 'def' => 'x1(s) (mass normally, but 1 individual/jo\'u possible) discuss(es)/talk(s) about topic/subject x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'discuss', 'rafsi' => [ 'snu' ], 'gismu' => 'casnu', 'unknown2' => '107', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. djica, nelci, trina, vamtu, xebni, pluka)', 'def' => 'x1 is repugnant to/causes disgust to x2 under conditions x3', 'origin' => '\'repugnant\'', 'shortdef' => 'disgusting', 'rafsi' => [ 'rig' ], 'gismu' => 'rigni', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[suspension (= pucyteryrunta, pu\'exre)]; (cf. litki, mixre, sligu, sudga)', 'def' => 'x1 dissolves in solvent x2 forming solution/[suspension] x3 under conditions x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'dissolve', 'gismu' => 'runta', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also spread, shared out, apportioned; agentive distribution (= fairgau, fairzu\'e)]; (cf. cmavo list fa\'u, fendi, preja, katna, tcana)', 'def' => 'x1 is distributed/allotted/allocated/shared among x2 with shares/portions x3; (x2/x3 fa\'u)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'distribute', 'rafsi' => [ 'fai ' ], 'gismu' => 'fatri', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. farlu, farlu)', 'def' => 'x1 dives/swoops [manner of controlled falling] to x2 from x3', 'origin' => '\'swoop\'', 'shortdef' => 'dive', 'rafsi' => [ 'sub', 'su\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'sfubu', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also segments]; (cf. sepli, bitmu, fatri, dilcu, katna, frinu)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) divides/partitions/separates x2 into sections/parts/ind. x3 by method/partition x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'divide', 'rafsi' => [ 'fed' ], 'gismu' => 'fendi', 'unknown2' => '50', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu for non-agentive events, jibri, kakne, pilno)', 'def' => 'x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'do', 'rafsi' => [ 'gau ' ], 'gismu' => 'gasnu', 'unknown2' => '142', 'unknown1' => '2e' }, { 'notes' => '[also medic; (adjective:) x1, x4 is medical; x2 is a patient of x1 (= selmikce for reordered places) ; x2 is treated by x1 person/x4 treatment/method; successfully cure transitive (= sadmikce, sadvelmikce), intransitive (= sadyselmikce, ka\'orbi\'o to not imply an external agent/process, though the x1 and x4 of mikce may be self/internal); treatment (= velmikce)]; (cf. bilma, kanro, spita)', 'def' => 'x1 doctors/treats/nurses/[cures]/is physician/midwife to x2 for ailment x3 by treatment/cure x4', 'origin' => '\'medic\'', 'shortdef' => 'doctor', 'rafsi' => [ 'mic' ], 'gismu' => 'mikce', 'unknown2' => '63', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lorxu, labno, mlatu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a dog/canine/[bitch] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'dog', 'rafsi' => [ 'ger', 'ge\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'gerku', 'unknown2' => '175', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[also pound, rupee, franc, mark, yen; x1 is generally a price/cost/value]; (cf. jdini, sicni, jdima, vecnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)', 'def' => 'x1 is measured in major-money-units (dollar/yuan/ruble) as x2 (quantity), monetary system x3', 'origin' => '\'ruble\'', 'shortdef' => 'dollar', 'rafsi' => [ 'rup', 'ru\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'rupnu', 'unknown2' => '59', 'unknown1' => '5e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xirma, kumte)', 'def' => 'x1 is a donkey/jackass of species/breed x2', 'origin' => '\'ass\'', 'shortdef' => 'donkey', 'gismu' => 'xasli', 'unknown2' => '35', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[note: emphasis on route nature; solid door (= vrogai/vrobi\'u/vrozu\'itci)]; (cf. canko, ganlo, kalri, murta, pagre, bitmu, kuspe)', 'def' => 'x1 is a doorway/gateway/access way between x2 and x3 of structure x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'door', 'rafsi' => [ 'vor', 'vro' ], 'gismu' => 'vorme', 'unknown2' => '113', 'unknown1' => '2k' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x2 is doubtful/dubious/questionable (= selsenpi for reordered places)]; (cf. jinvi, krici, djuno, birti)', 'def' => 'x1 doubts/is dubious/doubtful/skeptical/questions that x2 (du\'u) is true', 'origin' => '\'skeptic\'', 'shortdef' => 'doubt', 'rafsi' => [ 'sen' ], 'gismu' => 'senpi', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '[x4 is usually gravity]; (cf. pambe, tisna, setca, flecu, muvdu, ganxo, rirxe)', 'def' => 'x1 liquid/fluid drains/strains/flushes from source x2 through drain/strainer x3 by force x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'drain', 'gismu' => 'rinci', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 may also be a convention] (cf. finti, cukta, lisri, cfika)', 'def' => 'x1 is a drama/play about x2 [plot/theme/subject] by dramatist x3 for audience x4 with actors x5', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'drama', 'gismu' => 'draci', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nilce, tanxe)', 'def' => 'x1 is a drawer/file in structure x2, a [sliding compartment] container for contents x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'drawer', 'rafsi' => [ 'dac' ], 'gismu' => 'dacru', 'unknown2' => '14', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[dream/reverie (= selsne)]; (cf. sipna, xanri)', 'def' => 'x1 dreams about/that x2 (fact/idea/event/state); x2 is a dream/reverie of x1', 'origin' => '\'reverie\'', 'shortdef' => 'dream', 'rafsi' => [ 'sev', 'sne' ], 'gismu' => 'senva', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '6m' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cidja, citka, taske, tunlo, xaksu, barja, birje)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) drinks/imbibes beverage/drink/liquid refreshment x2 from/out-of container/source x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'drink', 'rafsi' => [ 'pix' ], 'gismu' => 'pinxe', 'unknown2' => '39', 'unknown1' => '2j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. daplu, bidju)', 'def' => 'x1 is a drop [small, cohesive shape] of material [liquid/vapor] x2 in surrounding material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'drop', 'rafsi' => [ 'dig' ], 'gismu' => 'dirgo', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '4h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. rilti, zgike)', 'def' => 'x1 is a drum/cymbal/gong [percussion musical instrument] with beater/actuator x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'drum', 'gismu' => 'damri', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => 'ak' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cilmo, litki, runta)', 'def' => 'x1 is dry of liquid x2; (adjective:) x1 is arid', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'dry', 'rafsi' => [ 'sud' ], 'gismu' => 'sudga', 'unknown2' => '71', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cipni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a duck/[drake] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'duck', 'gismu' => 'datka', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. te zalvi, danmo, purmo, sligu)', 'def' => 'x1 is dust/precipitate [suspensible solid] from x2 in medium/on surface x3', 'origin' => '\'pulverized\'', 'shortdef' => 'dust', 'rafsi' => [ 'puc', 'pu\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'pulce', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ginka, zdani, zvati, stuzi, jmive, stali, vitke)', 'def' => 'x1 dwells/lives/resides/abides at/inhabits/is a resident of location/habitat/nest/home/abode x2', 'origin' => '\'inhabit\'', 'shortdef' => 'dwell', 'rafsi' => [ 'xa\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'xabju', 'unknown2' => '130', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is aural]; (cf. kanla, savru, smaji, tirna, ractu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the ear [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus, information gathering]', 'origin' => '\'aural, earlobe\'', 'shortdef' => 'ear', 'rafsi' => [ 'ker' ], 'gismu' => 'kerlo', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lerci)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) is early by standard x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'early', 'rafsi' => [ 'lir' ], 'gismu' => 'clira', 'unknown2' => '35', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '[also x2 earnings, reward (= zanseljerna or nemjerna), punishment/comeuppance (= sfaseljerna, malseljerna); x3 behavior; job (= terjerna); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyjerna, posyseljerna for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jibri, pleji, vecnu, cnemu, canja, jdima, jinga, prali, sfasa, janta, kargu, vamji)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent/person) earns/[deserves/merits] wages/salary/pay x2 for work/service x3 (activity)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'earn', 'gismu' => 'jerna', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lunra, plini, solri, kensa, tsani; dertu for ground, dirt, except when used to express physical relative frame of reference [e.g. on the ground, the ground beneath us], tsani)', 'def' => 'x1 is the Earth/the home planet of race x2; (adjective:) x1 is terrestrial/earthbound', 'origin' => '\'terrestrial\'', 'shortdef' => 'earth', 'rafsi' => [ 'ted' ], 'gismu' => 'terdi', 'unknown2' => '111', 'unknown1' => 'am' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. stici, berti, snanu, farna)', 'def' => 'x1 is to the east/eastern side of x2 according to frame of reference x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'east', 'rafsi' => [ 'sun' ], 'gismu' => 'stuna', 'unknown2' => '101', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nandu, sampu, zifre)', 'def' => 'x1 (action) is easy/simple/facile for x2 (agent) under conditions x3; x2 does x1 freely/easily', 'origin' => '\'freely\'', 'shortdef' => 'easy', 'rafsi' => [ 'fil' ], 'gismu' => 'frili', 'unknown2' => '63', 'unknown1' => '1i' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cidja, pinxe, tunlo, xagji, xaksu, batci, gusta, kabri)', 'def' => 'x1 eats/ingests/consumes (transitive verb) x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'eat', 'rafsi' => [ 'cti' ], 'gismu' => 'citka', 'unknown2' => '320', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list koi, greku, mlana, jimte, ctebi, bartu)', 'def' => 'x1 is an edge/margin/border/curb/boundary of x2 next-to/bordering-on x3', 'origin' => '\'border, curb\'', 'shortdef' => 'edge', 'rafsi' => [ 'kor', 'koi ' ], 'gismu' => 'korbi', 'unknown2' => '43', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[(poorly metaphorical only due to gender- and species- being unspecified): ovoid, oblate (= pevyso\'aseltai, but better: claboi); egg, specifically female (= fetso\'a), of a bird (= cpifetso\'a, cpiso\'a), of a chicken (= jipcyfetso\'a, jipcyso\'a] (but note that Lojban does not require specificity, just as English doesn\'t for either milk or eggs; "sovda" is fine for most contexts); [if fertilized, then tsiju or tarbi]; (cf. ganti, gutra, mamta, patfu, rorci, tsiju, lanbi, tarbi; also djine, konju for shape, tarbi)', 'def' => 'x1 is an egg/ovum/sperm/pollen/gamete of/from organism [mother/father] x2', 'origin' => '\'ovum\'', 'shortdef' => 'egg', 'rafsi' => [ 'sov', 'so\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'sovda', 'unknown2' => '51', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. friko, muslo, xrabo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Egyptian culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => '\'Mizraim\'', 'shortdef' => 'Egyptian', 'gismu' => 'misro', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ckabu, tcena)', 'def' => '(adjective:) x1 is elastic/springy', 'origin' => '\'springy\'', 'shortdef' => 'elastic', 'rafsi' => [ 'pun' ], 'gismu' => 'pruni', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. patfu, rirni, tamne)', 'def' => 'x1 is an elder/ancestor of x2 by bond/tie/degree x3; x1\'s generation precedes x2\'s parents', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'elder', 'rafsi' => [ 'dze' ], 'gismu' => 'dzena', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '[(x3, a quantifier, can be expressed as a simple polarity using the numerals for positive and negative ma\'u and ni\'u); (explicitly) negative (= dutydikca), positive (= mardikca); current (= (sel)muvdikca; again default negative/electron current), charge (= klodikca, stadikca)]; (cf. lindi, xampo, flecu, maksi, tcana)', 'def' => 'x1 is electricity [electric charge or current] in/on x2 of polarity/quantity x3 (def. negative)', 'origin' => '\'charge\'', 'shortdef' => 'electric', 'rafsi' => [ 'dic' ], 'gismu' => 'dikca', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '7g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mabru, barda)', 'def' => 'x1 is an elephant of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'elephant', 'gismu' => 'xanto', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinmo)', 'def' => 'x1 is embarrassed/disconcerted/flustered/ill-at-ease about/under conditions x2 (abstraction)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'embarrassed', 'gismu' => 'burna', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gutra, mamta, patfu, sovda, rorci, tsiju, grute)', 'def' => 'x1 is an embryo/zygote/fetus/fertilized egg with mother x2, and father x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'embryo', 'gismu' => 'tarbi', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also mood/humor (= nuncni)]; (cf. cmavo list ci\'o, cumla, jilra, nelci, xendo, ckeji, cortu, jgira, kecti, kufra, manci, prami, steba, zungi, badri, burna, gleki)', 'def' => 'x1 feels emotion x2 (ka) about x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'emotion', 'rafsi' => [ 'cni' ], 'gismu' => 'cinmo', 'unknown2' => '91', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '[also: say forcefully] (cf. pandi)', 'def' => 'x1 emphasizes/accentuates/gives emphasis/stress/accent to x2 by (action) x3', 'origin' => '\'accent\'', 'shortdef' => 'emphasize', 'gismu' => 'basna', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[also vacuum (= kunti be roda/so\'ada)]; (cf. culno, tisna, claxu, canlu, kevna, setca)', 'def' => 'x1 [container] is empty/vacant of x2 [material]; x1 is hollow', 'origin' => '\'vacant\'', 'shortdef' => 'empty', 'rafsi' => [ 'kut' ], 'gismu' => 'kunti', 'unknown2' => '54', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is final/last/at the last; x1 is a terminal/terminus of x2; x1 is the final/terminated state of terminated process x2; x2 terminates/ceases/stops/halts at x1 (= selfa\'o for reordered places)]; (cf. krasi, cfari, mulno, sisti, denpa, jipno, kojna, traji, krasi)', 'def' => 'x1 is an end/finish/termination of thing/process x2; [not necessarily implying completeness]', 'origin' => '\'final\'', 'shortdef' => 'end', 'rafsi' => [ 'fam', 'fa\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'fanmo', 'unknown2' => '80', 'unknown1' => '2c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. damba, jamna, darlu, pendo, fapro, gunta, sarji, jivna, jinga)', 'def' => 'x1 is an enemy/opponent/adversary/foe of x2 in struggle x3', 'origin' => '\'adversary\'', 'shortdef' => 'enemy', 'gismu' => 'bradi', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => '2i' }, { 'notes' => '[ray/beam (= nenli\'i)]; (cf. marji, tarmi, kantu, lazni, livla)', 'def' => 'x1 is energy of type x2 in form x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'energy', 'rafsi' => [ 'nen' ], 'gismu' => 'nejni', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[generally assume broadest sense of \'English\'; may refer to \'English\', pertaining to the country/people/culture of England (normally requiring constraint = gligu\'e, or simply redundancy = gligli-); British English, the norm language of the UK (= gliglibau)]; (cf. brito which refers to the United Kingdom as a whole or to the British empire, merko, sralo, kadno, skoto)', 'def' => 'x1 is English/pertains to English-speaking culture in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'English', 'rafsi' => [ 'gic', 'gli' ], 'gismu' => 'glico', 'unknown2' => '35', 'unknown1' => '1b' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is ambient]; (cf. cmavo list va\'o, sruri, jibni, jbini, ferti, tcini)', 'def' => 'x1 (ind./mass) is part of an environment/surroundings/context/ambience of x2', 'origin' => '\'ambient\'', 'shortdef' => 'environment', 'rafsi' => [ 'vab' ], 'gismu' => 'vanbi', 'unknown2' => '33', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '[same in quantity/quality (not necessarily in identity); \'analogy\' may be expressed as the equivalence of two properties of similarity (ka x1 simsa x2) and (ka x3 simsa x4)]; (cf. cmavo list du\'i, satci, frica, simsa, mintu)', 'def' => 'x1 is equal/congruent to/as much as x2 in property/dimension/quantity x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'equal', 'rafsi' => [ 'dun', 'du\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'dunli', 'unknown2' => '93', 'unknown1' => '6k' }, { 'notes' => '(x2 interval should be the defining boundaries; if merely a characterizing period, the nature of the interval should be expressed in an abstract bridi, or the interval should be marked with tu\'a; x2 may also be characteristic object(s) or practices of the era, if marked with tu\'a); (cf. ranji, temci, citsi)', 'def' => 'x1 is an era/epoch/age characterized by x2 (event/property/interval/idea)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'era', 'gismu' => 'cedra', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. drani, which is non-agentive, cfila, fliba)', 'def' => 'x1 errs in doing/being/making mistake x2 (event), an error under conditions x3 by standard x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'err', 'rafsi' => [ 'sre' ], 'gismu' => 'srera', 'unknown2' => '40', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x2 is respected/esteemed/celebrated (= selsi\'a for reordered places)]; (cf. banli, censa, misno, nelci, prami, salci, jgira)', 'def' => 'x1 esteems/respects/venerates/highly regards x2 [object of respect]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'esteem', 'rafsi' => [ 'si\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'sinma', 'unknown2' => '39', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. brito)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects European culture/nationality/geography/Indo-European languages in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'European', 'rafsi' => [ 'ron', 'ro\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'ropno', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[this evening (= cabvanci); tomorrow evening (= bavlamvanci); yesterday evening (= prulamvanci)]; (cf. cerni, murse, tcika)', 'def' => 'x1 is an evening [from end-of-work until sleep typical for locale] of day x2 at location x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'evening', 'rafsi' => [ 'vac' ], 'gismu' => 'vanci', 'unknown2' => '60', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli; gasnu, zukte, if specifically agentive, banli)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence', 'origin' => '\'happen\'', 'shortdef' => 'event', 'rafsi' => [ 'fau ' ], 'gismu' => 'fasnu', 'unknown2' => '234', 'unknown1' => '3b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. zekri, vrude, xlali, marde, mabla)', 'def' => 'x1 is evil/depraved/wicked [morally bad] by standard x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'evil', 'rafsi' => [ 'pac' ], 'gismu' => 'palci', 'unknown2' => '52', 'unknown1' => '2i' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sarxe, dunli, merli, mapti, kancu, mintu)', 'def' => 'x1 [measurement/match] is exact/precise to precision x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni)', 'origin' => '\'precise\'', 'shortdef' => 'exact', 'gismu' => 'satci', 'unknown2' => '55', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list mu\'u, pixra)', 'def' => 'x1 is an example/sample/specimen/instance/case/illustration of common property(s) x2 of set x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'example', 'rafsi' => [ 'mup' ], 'gismu' => 'mupli', 'unknown2' => '52', 'unknown1' => '2h' }, { 'notes' => '[cloying (= maldu\'e, tolpu\'adu\'e)]; (cf. bancu, banzu, ricfu, zmadu)', 'def' => 'x1 is an excess of/too much of x2 by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'excess', 'rafsi' => [ 'dus', 'du\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'dukse', 'unknown2' => '178', 'unknown1' => '3m' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1, x2, x4 is/are commercial (better expressed as ka canja, kamcanja)]; x2/x3 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (possibly service), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posycanja for unambiguous semantics); (cf. dunda, friti, vecnu, zarci, jdini, pleji, jdima, jerna, kargu; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, banxa, cirko, dunda, janta, kargu, prali, sfasa, zivle)', 'def' => 'x1 exchanges/trades/barters commodity x2 for x3 with x4; x1, x4 is a trader/merchant/businessman', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'exchange', 'rafsi' => [ 'caj' ], 'gismu' => 'canja', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cigla, kalci, pinca, xasne)', 'def' => 'x1 [body] excretes waste x2 from source x3 via means/route x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'excrete', 'rafsi' => [ 'vim', 'vi\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'vikmi', 'unknown2' => '43', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '[words usable for epistemology typically have a du\'u place]; [x1 is physical (one sense)]; (cf. fatci, xanri)', 'def' => 'x1 exists/is real/actual/reality for x2 under metaphysics x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'exist', 'rafsi' => [ 'zat', 'za\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'zasti', 'unknown2' => '104', 'unknown1' => '3j' }, { 'notes' => '[also has/have (of events/experiences); (adjective:) x1 is empirical; suggests passive undergoing but does not exclude active (per zukte) intent; a deserved experience: reward or punishment (= jernyfri, zanjernyfri, maljernyfri)]; (cf. cmavo list ri\'i, jmive, fasnu, renvi)', 'def' => 'x1 [person/passive/state] undergoes/experiences x2 (event/experience); x2 happens to x1', 'origin' => '\'life\'', 'shortdef' => 'experience', 'rafsi' => [ 'lif', 'fri' ], 'gismu' => 'lifri', 'unknown2' => '148', 'unknown1' => '2n' }, { 'notes' => '[also competent, skilled]; (cf. djuno, stati, kakne)', 'def' => 'x1 is an expert/pro/has prowess in/is skilled at x2 (event/activity) by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'expert', 'rafsi' => [ 'cre' ], 'gismu' => 'certu', 'unknown2' => '63', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[explanation x4 is an underlying mechanism/details/purpose/method for x2 (= velcki for reordered places), generally assumed to be non-obvious; metaphorical usage with the various causal relations (i.e. jalge, mukti, krinu, rinka, nibli, zukte) is possible, but the non-obviousness, and the existence of an explainer with a point of view makes this word not a simple expression of cause]; (cf. cipra, danfu, jalge, jinvi, krinu, mukti, nabmi, preti, rinka, sidbo, zukte, tavla)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) explains x2 (event/state/property) to x3 with explanation x4 (du\'u)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'explain', 'rafsi' => [ 'cki' ], 'gismu' => 'ciksi', 'unknown2' => '53', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cecla, jakne, jbama)', 'def' => 'x1 bursts/explodes/violently breaks up/decomposes/combusts into pieces/energy/fragments x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'explode', 'rafsi' => [ 'poj', 'po\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'spoja', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. dugri)', 'def' => 'x1 is the exponential result of base x2 to power/exponent x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'exponential', 'rafsi' => [ 'tef' ], 'gismu' => 'tenfa', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ar' }, { 'notes' => '[also says]; (cf. bacru, tavla, casnu, spuda, cmavo list cu\'u, bangu, dapma, jufra, pinka)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) expresses/says x2 (sedu\'u/text/lu\'e concept) for audience x3 via expressive medium x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'express', 'rafsi' => [ 'cus', 'sku' ], 'gismu' => 'cusku', 'unknown2' => '872', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is optic]; (cf. jvinu, kerlo, viska, kumte)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the eye [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: sensory apparatus]; (adjective:) x1 is ocular', 'origin' => '\'ocular\'', 'shortdef' => 'eye', 'rafsi' => [ 'kal' ], 'gismu' => 'kanla', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sefta, stedu, crane, mebri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the face [head/body-part] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is facial', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'face', 'rafsi' => [ 'fir' ], 'gismu' => 'flira', 'unknown2' => '45', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. datni, jitfa, sucta, xanri, jetnu, fasnu, zasti, cfika, saske)', 'def' => 'x1 (du\'u) is a fact/reality/truth/actuality, in the absolute', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fact', 'rafsi' => [ 'fac' ], 'gismu' => 'fatci', 'unknown2' => '38', 'unknown1' => '3j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. molki, gundi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a factory/foundry/industrial plant/mill producing x2 from materials x3', 'origin' => '\'foundry\'', 'shortdef' => 'factory', 'gismu' => 'fanri', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[baffled (= pesfli, jmifli, dafspufli, menfli, among other senses); also x2 ceases/does not complete/fails to continue due to failure on the part of x1]; (cf. cfila, snada, srera, troci, sisti, ranji, denpa, bebna, zunti)', 'def' => 'x1 fails at doing x2 (state/event); x1 is a failure at its role in x2', 'origin' => '\'baffle\'', 'shortdef' => 'fail', 'rafsi' => [ 'fli' ], 'gismu' => 'fliba', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '[also orc, giant, demon or devil (when humanoid-form is presumed by the mythos/religion), bugbear, bogeyman]; (cf. ranmi, especially for non-humanoid creatures of myth, lijda)', 'def' => 'x1 is a fairy/elf/gnome/brownie/pixie/goblin/kobold [mythical humanoid] of mythos/religion x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fairy', 'rafsi' => [ 'rid' ], 'gismu' => 'crida', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'ac' }, { 'notes' => '[note: things can fall in spin, thrust, or tide as well as gravity; (agentive "drop" = one of two lujvo: falcru and falri\'a)] (cf. lafti, cpare, klama, sfubu)', 'def' => 'x1 falls/drops to x2 from x3 in gravity well/frame of reference x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fall', 'rafsi' => [ 'fal', 'fa\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'farlu', 'unknown2' => '141', 'unknown1' => '2b' }, { 'notes' => '[words usable for epistemology typically have a du\'u place]; (cf. fatci, stace, jetnu, cfika)', 'def' => 'x1 (du\'u) is false/is an untruth by standard/epistemology/metaphysics x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'false', 'rafsi' => [ 'jif' ], 'gismu' => 'jitfa', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '3j' }, { 'notes' => '[This can cover both meanings of old. Old in years, i.e. age, can be conveyed through x2 = the world, life, existence (= loi nu zasti); in usage this has been a common default for ellipsis. However slabu is not the opposite of \'young\' (= nalci\'o, tolci\'o), but the opposite of \'new\' (= tolni\'o); also ancient (= tcesau), age (= nilsau); x2 is used to x1 (= selsau for reordered places); historic/historical (= cirsau, cirselcedra; also vaipru)]; (cf. clani, citno, cnino, se djuno; not the opposite of citno, djuno)', 'def' => 'x1 is old/familiar/well-known to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'familiar', 'rafsi' => [ 'sau ' ], 'gismu' => 'slabu', 'unknown2' => '130', 'unknown1' => '2c' }, { 'notes' => '[also clan, tribe; x2 is in x1, a member of x1 (selylanzu for reordered places); relative (= lazmi\'u - xy mintu y\'y leka cmima da poi lanzu)]; (cf. natmi, cmima, girzu, jutsi, klesi)', 'def' => 'x1 (mass) is a family with members including x2 bonded/tied/joined according to standard x3', 'origin' => '\'clan\'', 'shortdef' => 'family', 'rafsi' => [ 'laz' ], 'gismu' => 'lanzu', 'unknown2' => '44', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '[also celebrated/well-known; (derogative meanings:) notorious/infamous (= malmi\'o; these could also be expressed using the referenced words)]; (cf. se sinma, banli)', 'def' => 'x1 (person/object/event) is famous/renowned/is a celebrity among community of persons x2 (mass)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'famous', 'rafsi' => [ 'mis', 'mi\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'misno', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jibni)', 'def' => 'x1 is far/distant from x2 in property x3 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'far', 'rafsi' => [ 'dar', 'da\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'darno', 'unknown2' => '69', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '[also grange; farming is any organized agrarian activity, not limited to plant crops]; (cf. purdi, nurma, ferti, foldi, xarju)', 'def' => 'x1 is a farm/ranch at x2, farmed by x3, raising/producing x4; (adjective:) x1 is agrarian', 'origin' => '\'grange, agrarian\'', 'shortdef' => 'farm', 'rafsi' => [ 'cag' ], 'gismu' => 'cange', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => 'ap' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. masno)', 'def' => 'x1 is fast/swift/quick/hastes/rapid at doing/being/bringing about x2 (event/state)', 'origin' => '\'swift\'', 'shortdef' => 'fast', 'rafsi' => [ 'sut' ], 'gismu' => 'sutra', 'unknown2' => '142', 'unknown1' => '4f' }, { 'notes' => '[no implication that result is considered a single object; although x2 and x3 may be reversible, x3 may be used for the substrate, the fixed/larger object to which x2 becomes attached];(cf. jorne, fenso, jgena, batke, dinko, kansa)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) fastens/connects/attaches/binds/lashes x2 to x3 with fastener x4', 'origin' => '\'lash\'', 'shortdef' => 'fasten', 'rafsi' => [ 'la\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'lasna', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '[fated/destined/doomed (= seldimna)]; (cf. dapma)', 'def' => 'x1 is a fate/destiny of x2; [doom, curse are mabla-forms]; x2 is fated/predestined/doomed to x1', 'origin' => '\'doom\'', 'shortdef' => 'fate', 'rafsi' => [ 'dim' ], 'gismu' => 'dimna', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mamta, rirni, rorci, tarbi, dzena, famti, panzi, bersa, sovda)', 'def' => 'x1 is a father of x2; x1 begets/sires/acts paternal towards x2; [not necessarily biological]', 'origin' => '\'pop, padre\'', 'shortdef' => 'father', 'rafsi' => [ 'paf', 'pa\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'patfu', 'unknown2' => '93', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. funca, mabla, xamgu, vrude)', 'def' => 'x1 is a favorable connotation/sense/way-of-looking-at x2 used by x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'favorable', 'rafsi' => [ 'zan', 'za\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'zabna', 'unknown2' => '46', 'unknown1' => '3d' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 feels terror about x2; x2 is fearsome/fearful/frightening/scary to x1 (= selte\'a to reorder places)]; (cf. snura, xalni, xanka, virnu)', 'def' => 'x1 fears x2; x1 is afraid/scared/frightened by/fearful of x2 (event/tu\'a object)', 'origin' => '\'terror\'', 'shortdef' => 'fear', 'rafsi' => [ 'tep', 'te\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'terpa', 'unknown2' => '72', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cipni, nalci, rebla, kerfa, penbi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the feather/plume(s)/plumage [body-part] of animal/species x2', 'origin' => '\'plume\'', 'shortdef' => 'feather', 'rafsi' => [ 'pim', 'pi\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'pimlu', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[also crap]; (cf. ganxo, pinca, vikmi, mabla, festi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the feces/excrement/dung/shit of x2 (animal/person); (adjective:) x1 is fecal (matter)', 'origin' => '\'shit\'', 'shortdef' => 'feces', 'gismu' => 'kalci', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nakni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a female/doe of species x2 evidencing feminine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is feminine', 'origin' => '\'fem-\'', 'shortdef' => 'female', 'rafsi' => [ 'fet', 'fe\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'fetsi', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '[also fecund (note that the Lojban covers both potential and actual/realized fertility)]; (cf. vanbi, sidju, rorci, farvi, banro, cange)', 'def' => 'x1 is fertile/conducive for supporting the growth/development of x2; x1 is fruitful/prolific', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fertile', 'rafsi' => [ 'fre' ], 'gismu' => 'ferti', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also story, lie, untrue]; (cf. cukta, lisri, prosa, fatci, jitfa, jetnu, xanri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a work of fiction about plot/theme/subject x2/under convention x2 by author x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fiction', 'rafsi' => [ 'fik', 'fi\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'cfika', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => '8b' }, { 'notes' => '[also woods (= ricfoi), lawn/meadow (= sasfoi), brush (= spafoi, cicyspafoi)]; (cf. purdi, cange)', 'def' => 'x1 is a field [shape/form] of material x2; x1 is a broad uniform expanse of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'field', 'rafsi' => [ 'flo', 'foi ' ], 'gismu' => 'foldi', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grute)', 'def' => 'x1 is a fig [fruit/tree] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fig', 'rafsi' => [ 'fig' ], 'gismu' => 'figre', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '[use x3 tu\'a for fight over an object/objective]; (cf. bradi, gunta, talsa, darlu, fapro, jamna, sonci)', 'def' => 'x1 fights/combats/struggles with x2 over issue x3 (abstract); x1 is a fighter/combatant', 'origin' => '\'combat\'', 'shortdef' => 'fight', 'rafsi' => [ 'dab', 'da\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'damba', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '[implies some relative degree of fullness will result; agentive filling (= tisyse\'a, tisygau, tisyzu\'e); inflate/become inflated/blow up (= gacytisna, agentive gacyse\'a); pour into (= liktisna, agentive likse\'a)]; (cf. culno, kunti, rinci, setca)', 'def' => 'x1 (object) fills/becomes stuffed [up]/inflates/blows up with material x2; x2 pours into x1', 'origin' => '\'stuff\'', 'shortdef' => 'fill', 'rafsi' => [ 'tis' ], 'gismu' => 'tisna', 'unknown2' => '35', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[finger (= xandegji), toe (= jmadegji)]; (cf. nazbi, tamji, tance, xance),', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the finger/digit/toe [body-part] on limb/body site x2 of body x3; [metaphor: peninsula]', 'origin' => '\'digit\'', 'shortdef' => 'finger', 'rafsi' => [ 'deg' ], 'gismu' => 'degji', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jelca, sacki)', 'def' => 'x1 is a fire/flame in fuel x2 burning-in/reacting-with oxidizer x3 (default air/oxygen)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fire', 'rafsi' => [ 'fag' ], 'gismu' => 'fagri', 'unknown2' => '52', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nandu, ralci, randa, ranti, tinsa, sligu, stodi)', 'def' => 'x1 is firm/hard/resistant/unyielding to force x2 under conditions x3', 'origin' => '\'hard\'', 'shortdef' => 'firm', 'rafsi' => [ 'jar' ], 'gismu' => 'jdari', 'unknown2' => '55', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. danlu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a fish of species x2 [metaphorical extension to sharks, non-fish aquatic vertebrates]', 'origin' => '\'fin\'', 'shortdef' => 'fish', 'rafsi' => [ 'fip', 'fi\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'finpe', 'unknown2' => '46', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. satci, tugni, sarxe, drani, tarmi, ckini, mintu)', 'def' => 'x1 fits/matches/suits/is compatible/appropriate/corresponds to/with x2 in property/aspect x3', 'origin' => '\'match\'', 'shortdef' => 'fit', 'rafsi' => [ 'mat' ], 'gismu' => 'mapti', 'unknown2' => '47', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gugde, jecta)', 'def' => 'x1 is a flag/banner/standard of/symbolizing x2 with pattern(s) x3 on material x4', 'origin' => '\'banner\'', 'shortdef' => 'flag', 'gismu' => 'lanci', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cikre, srera, fenra, fliba, prane)', 'def' => 'x1 (property - ka) is a flaw/fault/defect in x2 causing x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'flaw', 'rafsi' => [ 'cfi' ], 'gismu' => 'cfila', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cipni, klama, vinji)', 'def' => 'x1 flies [in air/atmosphere] using lifting/propulsion means x2', 'origin' => '\'fly\'', 'shortdef' => 'flight', 'rafsi' => [ 'vol', 'voi ' ], 'gismu' => 'vofli', 'unknown2' => '27', 'unknown1' => '7f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. limna, bloti, sakli)', 'def' => 'x1 (passive) floats on/in fluid (gas/liquid) x2; x1 is buoyant', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'float', 'rafsi' => [ 'ful', 'flu' ], 'gismu' => 'fulta', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => '7f' }, { 'notes' => '[floor/level/story of a building/edifice (= setloi, dijysenta)]; (cf. bitmu, drudi, dertu, dizlo, cnita, zbepi, sarji, serti)', 'def' => 'x1 is a floor/bottom/ground of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'floor', 'rafsi' => [ 'lol', 'loi ' ], 'gismu' => 'loldi', 'unknown2' => '120', 'unknown1' => '2k' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is a stream of x2; x2 is a fluid [gas or liquid] (= selfle for reordered places); x1 flushes toward x3; flush (= caifle, sukfle)]; (cf. rirxe, senta where no directionality is implied, rinci, xampo, dikca, sakci, gapci, litki, ciblu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a current/flow/river of/in x2 flowing in direction to/towards x3 from direction/source x4', 'origin' => '\'flush\'', 'shortdef' => 'flow', 'rafsi' => [ 'fle' ], 'gismu' => 'flecu', 'unknown2' => '85', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. spati)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the flower/blossom/bloom [body-part] of plant/species x2; (adjective:) x1 is floral', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'flower', 'rafsi' => [ 'rul' ], 'gismu' => 'xrula', 'unknown2' => '27', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. zgike)', 'def' => 'x1 is a flute/pipe/fife/recorder [flute-like/air-reed musical instrument]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'flute', 'gismu' => 'flani', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ak' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinki, bifce)', 'def' => 'x1 is a fly [a small non-stinging flying insect] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fly', 'gismu' => 'sfani', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. zbabu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of foam/froth/suds of material x2, with bubbles/vacuoles of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'foam', 'rafsi' => [ 'fom', 'fo\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'fonmo', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. djacu, carvi, danmo, lunsa, tcima, gapci)', 'def' => 'x1 is foggy/misty/covered by a fog/mist/vapor of liquid x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fog', 'rafsi' => [ 'bum' ], 'gismu' => 'bumru', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '4h' }, { 'notes' => '[for agentive folding (= plogau, plozu\'e); use cardinal-value sumti in x3, or rapli, to indicate multiple folds]; (cf. korcu, cinje, boxfo, boxna)', 'def' => 'x1 (force) folds/creases x2 at locus/loci/forming crease(s)/bend(s) x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fold', 'rafsi' => [ 'plo' ], 'gismu' => 'polje', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinmo, djica, pluka, prami, rigni, sinma, trina, xebni, cuxna, pendo)', 'def' => 'x1 is fond of/likes/has a taste for x2 (object/state)', 'origin' => '\'likes\'', 'shortdef' => 'fond', 'rafsi' => [ 'nel', 'nei ' ], 'gismu' => 'nelci', 'unknown2' => '180', 'unknown1' => '2i' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. citka, nitcu, pinxe, xagji, cpina)', 'def' => 'x1 is food/feed/nutriment for x2; x1 is edible/gives nutrition to x2', 'origin' => '\'feed\'', 'shortdef' => 'food', 'rafsi' => [ 'dja' ], 'gismu' => 'cidja', 'unknown2' => '78', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. fenki, xajmi, prije, fliba)', 'def' => 'x1 is foolish/silly in event/action/property [folly] (ka) x2; x1 is a boob', 'origin' => '\'boob\'', 'shortdef' => 'foolish', 'rafsi' => [ 'beb' ], 'gismu' => 'bebna', 'unknown2' => '69', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jicmu, genja, zbepi, tuple, jubme, xance, tamji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the foot [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: lowest portion] (adjective:) x1 is pedal', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'foot', 'rafsi' => [ 'jaf', 'jma' ], 'gismu' => 'jamfu', 'unknown2' => '47', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '[also constrains; requires success, unlike the physics term (better expressed by danre)]; (cf. fanta, rinju, jimte, jitro, rinka, krinu, zukte, randa, danre, cmavo list bai, marxa, tinsa, xarnu)', 'def' => 'x1 [force] (ka) forces/compels event x2 to occur; x1 determines property x2 to manifest', 'origin' => '\'compel\'', 'shortdef' => 'force', 'rafsi' => [ 'bap', 'bai ' ], 'gismu' => 'bapli', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => 'as' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. dunda, curmi, zungi)', 'def' => 'x1 forgives x2 for event/state/activity x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'forgive', 'rafsi' => [ 'fax' ], 'gismu' => 'fraxu', 'unknown2' => '25', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. dakfu, smuci, komcu, tutci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a fork/fork-type tool/utensil for purpose x2 with tines/prongs x3 on base/support x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fork', 'rafsi' => [ 'fro' ], 'gismu' => 'forca', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gerku)', 'def' => 'x1 is a fox [bushy-tailed wild dog/canine] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fox', 'rafsi' => [ 'lor', 'lo\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'lorxu', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. parbi, dilcu, mekso, fendi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a fraction, with numerator x2, denominator x3 (x2/x3)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fraction', 'gismu' => 'frinu', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. korbi, stura, tsina, bongu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a frame/structure/skeleton/outline supporting/load-bearing/determining the form of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'frame', 'rafsi' => [ 'rek' ], 'gismu' => 'greku', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also unrestricted, unfettered, unconstrained; (adjective:) independent; (adverb:) willingly, voluntarily, freely, may, optionally; (potential:) x1 voluntarily does x2]; (cf. pinfu, rinju, bilga, curmi, kakne, frili)', 'def' => 'x1 is free/at liberty to do/be x2 (event/state) under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'free', 'rafsi' => [ 'zif', 'zi\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'zifre', 'unknown2' => '21', 'unknown1' => '8e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. febvi, lunsa, runme, sligu)', 'def' => 'x1 freezes/jells/solidifies at temperature x2 and pressure x3', 'origin' => '\'jell\'', 'shortdef' => 'freeze', 'rafsi' => [ 'duj' ], 'gismu' => 'dunja', 'unknown2' => '27', 'unknown1' => '4h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ropno)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects French/Gallic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => '\'France\'', 'shortdef' => 'French', 'rafsi' => [ 'fas' ], 'gismu' => 'fraso', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. fusra)', 'def' => '(adjective:) x1 is fresh/unspoiled', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fresh', 'rafsi' => [ 'vif' ], 'gismu' => 'vifne', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '[also x2 scrubs/wipes/brushes (against) x3 (= seltermosra); non-agentive rub (= termosra)]; (cf. sakli, sraku, jabre, satre, guska, pencu, spali)', 'def' => 'x1 is friction [force opposing motion] due to contact/rubbing between x2 and x3; (fe) x2 rubs x3', 'origin' => '\'rub\'', 'shortdef' => 'friction', 'rafsi' => [ 'mos' ], 'gismu' => 'mosra', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bradi, xendo, nelci, prami, bradi)', 'def' => 'x1 is/acts as a friend of/to x2 (experiencer); x2 befriends x1', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'friend', 'rafsi' => [ 'ped', 'pe\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'pendo', 'unknown2' => '90', 'unknown1' => '2i' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2] (cf. sefta, flira, trixe, mlana, pritu, zunle)', 'def' => 'x1 is anterior/ahead/forward/(in/on) the front of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'front', 'rafsi' => [ 'cra' ], 'gismu' => 'crane', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '1e' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 frowns/grimaces at/in reaction to x2 (= frufra)]; (cf. cmila, cisma)', 'def' => 'x1 frowns/grimaces (facial expression)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'frown', 'rafsi' => [ 'fru' ], 'gismu' => 'frumu', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. badna, dembi, figre, guzme, narge, perli, pilka, plise, spati, stagi, tamca, tsiju, tarbi, panzi, rorci, te pruce, jbari, nimre)', 'def' => 'x1 is a fruit [body-part] of species x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fruit', 'rafsi' => [ 'rut' ], 'gismu' => 'grute', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinmo)', 'def' => 'x1 feels frustration about x2 (abstraction)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'frustration', 'rafsi' => [ 'seb' ], 'gismu' => 'steba', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nejni, xaksu, jelca)', 'def' => 'x1 is a fuel/energy-source for powering x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'fuel', 'rafsi' => [ 'lil' ], 'gismu' => 'livla', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '7f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tisna, kunti, mulno, setca, tisna)', 'def' => 'x1 is full/completely filled with x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'full', 'rafsi' => [ 'clu' ], 'gismu' => 'culno', 'unknown2' => '58', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '[today (= cabdei); tomorrow (= bavlamdei); yesterday (= prulamdei)]; (cf. donri, detri, jeftu, masti, nanca, nicte, tcika)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 full days in duration (default is 1 day) by standard x3; (adjective:) x1 is diurnal', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'full day', 'rafsi' => [ 'dje', 'dei ' ], 'gismu' => 'djedi', 'unknown2' => '159', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mekso, bridi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a function/single-valued mapping from domain x2 to range x3 defined by expression/rule x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'function', 'gismu' => 'fancu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is a comedian (= xampre, xamseljibri for a professional comedian)]; (x1 can be a person/object or an abstraction; be careful about possible sumti-raising); (cf. bebna, cisma, cmila, fenki, zdile)', 'def' => 'x1 is funny/comical to x2 in property/aspect x3 (nu/ka); x3 is what is funny about x1 to x2', 'origin' => '\'comic\'', 'shortdef' => 'funny', 'rafsi' => [ 'xam' ], 'gismu' => 'xajmi', 'unknown2' => '32', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ckana, jubme, sfofa, stizu, dacru)', 'def' => 'x1 [furniture items] furnishes x2 [location] serving purpose/function x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'furniture', 'rafsi' => [ 'ni\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'nilce', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'an' }, { 'notes' => '[also sequel, succeed, successor, follow, come(s) after; time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it extends afterwards; non-aorist future (= cfabalvi); (default x2 is the space time reference, whereupon:) x1 will occur]; (cf. lidne, cabna, purci, farna)', 'def' => 'x1 is in the future of/later than/after x2 in time sequence; x1 is latter; x2 is former', 'origin' => '\'later\'', 'shortdef' => 'future', 'rafsi' => [ 'bav' ], 'gismu' => 'balvi', 'unknown2' => '56', 'unknown1' => '4a' }, { 'notes' => '[gallon (= likydekpu), quart (= likseldekpu), barrel (wet = likybradekpu, dry = sudbradekpu), bushel (= sudydekpu), peck (= sudyseldekpu), cupful (= kabrydekpu), tablespoon (= mucydekpu); teaspoon (= mucyseldekpu); (all of these lujvo may need gic- to distinguish the English measurement system in contrasting with some local system; the English system is otherwise presumed to be the default non-metric system)]; (additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. canlu, litce, rupnu, fepni, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 (default 1) local volume unit(s) [non-metric; e.g. bushel], standard x3, x4 subunits', 'origin' => '\'peck\'', 'shortdef' => 'gallon', 'gismu' => 'dekpu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'al' }, { 'notes' => '[orchard (= ricpurdi)]; (cf. foldi, cange, panka)', 'def' => 'x1 is a garden/tended/cultivated field of family/community/farmer x2 growing plants/crop x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'garden', 'rafsi' => [ 'pud' ], 'gismu' => 'purdi', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. stagi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of garlic [bulb] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'garlic', 'rafsi' => [ 'sug' ], 'gismu' => 'sunga', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x2 can wear/is wearing x1; refers to something intended for use as a garment, not merely something that happens to be worn at some time (which need not be true for dasni)]; (cf. creka, cutci, daski, dasni, gluta, kosta, mapku, palku, pastu, skaci, smoka, lunbe)', 'def' => 'x1 is dress/a garment/clothing for wearing by x2 (gender/species/body part) serving purpose x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'garment', 'rafsi' => [ 'taf', 'ta\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'taxfu', 'unknown2' => '76', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '[x3 includes temperature and pressure]; (cf. pambe, vacri, litki, sligu, danmo, bumru, cidro, flecu)', 'def' => 'x1 is gaseous/fumes/a gas/vapor of material/composition including x2, under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'gas', 'rafsi' => [ 'gac' ], 'gismu' => 'gapci', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => '6b' }, { 'notes' => '[also focus (= seljmaji)]; (cf. crepu)', 'def' => 'x1 (mass/jo\'u) gathers/collects at location x2 from locations x3 (mass/jo\'u)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'gather', 'rafsi' => [ 'jaj' ], 'gismu' => 'jmaji', 'unknown2' => '26', 'unknown1' => '3m' }, { 'notes' => '[also jewel (= jmeja\'i); gemstone (= x2, x3, or jmero\'i, jmekunra); pearl (= selcakyjme - a gem found inside a shell, tercakyjme - a gem made of shell material, boijme - any ball-shaped gem), mother-of-pearl (= cakyjme)]; (cf. kunra, rokci, jadni, dirba, kargu, krili, pulji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a gem/polished stone/pearl of type x2 from gemstone/material/source x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'gem', 'rafsi' => [ 'jme' ], 'gismu' => 'jemna', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[also chromosome = (gincilta, ginpoi)]; (cf. cerda)', 'def' => 'x1 is a gene of creature [or locus on creature] x2 determining trait/process x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'gene', 'rafsi' => [ 'gin' ], 'gismu' => 'jgina', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. vidru)', 'def' => 'x1 is a bacteria/germ/microbe/protozoan/amoeba [1-celled life] of species/defining property x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'germ', 'rafsi' => [ 'jum' ], 'gismu' => 'jurme', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ropno)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects German/Germanic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => '\'Deutsch\'', 'shortdef' => 'German', 'rafsi' => [ 'dot', 'do\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'dotco', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[also fetch; accept a gift (= seldu\'acpa)]; (cf. punji, lebna, vimcu)', 'def' => 'x1 gets/procures/acquires/obtains/accepts x2 from source x3 [previous possessor not implied]', 'origin' => '\'acquire\'', 'shortdef' => 'get', 'rafsi' => [ 'cpa' ], 'gismu' => 'cpacu', 'unknown2' => '143', 'unknown1' => '2b' }, { 'notes' => '[word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use verba)]; (cf. nanla, verba, ninmu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a girl [young female person] of age x2 immature by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'girl', 'rafsi' => [ 'nix', 'xli' ], 'gismu' => 'nixli', 'unknown2' => '172', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '[also grants; x3 is a receiver (= terdu\'a for reordered places); the Lojban doesn\'t distinguish between or imply possession transfer or sharing; x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydu\'a, posyseldu\'a for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. benji, muvdu, canja, pleji, vecnu, friti, sfasa, dapma, cnemu, prali)', 'def' => 'x1 [donor] gives/donates gift/present x2 to recipient/beneficiary x3 [without payment/exchange]', 'origin' => '\'donate\'', 'shortdef' => 'give', 'rafsi' => [ 'dud', 'du\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'dunda', 'unknown2' => '217', 'unknown1' => '2b' }, { 'notes' => '[secretion (= selcigla)]; (cf. vikmi, xasne)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the gland [body-part] secreting x2, of body x3; x2 is a secretion of x1', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'gland', 'rafsi' => [ 'cig' ], 'gismu' => 'cigla', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kabri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains glass of composition including x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'glass', 'gismu' => 'blaci', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '6b' }, { 'notes' => '[morning twilight, dawn (= cermurse); evening twilight, dusk (= vacmurse)]; (cf. cerni, kandi, vanci)', 'def' => 'x1 is the [astronomical] twilight/dawn/dusk/half-light/glimmering of day x2 at location x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'glimmering', 'gismu' => 'murse', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '[mitten (= degycauglu)]; (cf. taxfu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a mitten/glove [hand and lower arm garment] of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'glove', 'rafsi' => [ 'glu' ], 'gismu' => 'gluta', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lanme, sunla)', 'def' => 'x1 is a goat/angora/[billy-goat/kid] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => '\'kid, billy, baa\'', 'shortdef' => 'goat', 'gismu' => 'kanba', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[also divinity; x2 religion refers to the religious community as a mass]; (cf. censa, krici, lijda, malsi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the god/deity of people(s)/religion x2 with dominion over x3 [sphere]; x1 is divine', 'origin' => '\'divinity\'', 'shortdef' => 'god', 'rafsi' => [ 'cev', 'cei ' ], 'gismu' => 'cevni', 'unknown2' => '197', 'unknown1' => 'ac' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ricfu, rijno, narju, pelxu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of gold (Au); [metaphor: valuable, heavy, non-reactive]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'gold', 'rafsi' => [ 'slo' ], 'gismu' => 'solji', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => 'ag' }, { 'notes' => '[egg/sperm/pollen/gamete producing/bearing organ]; (cf. plibu, sovda, pinji, gutra, mabla)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the testes/ovary/testicle/scrotum/balls/gonad/stamen/pistil [body-part] of x2, gender x3', 'origin' => '\'testes\'', 'shortdef' => 'gonad', 'gismu' => 'ganti', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '[acceptable (= mlixau, norxau, xaurselcru)]; (cf. melbi, xlali, vrude, zabna)', 'def' => 'x1 (object/event) is good/beneficial/nice/[acceptable] for x2 by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'good', 'rafsi' => [ 'xag', 'xau ' ], 'gismu' => 'xamgu', 'unknown2' => '226', 'unknown1' => '2i' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cipni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a goose/[gander] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'goose', 'gismu' => 'gunse', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 need not be complete specification of set of governed; reign/rule (= noltru); king/queen/sovereign (= nolraitru); pure democracy (= roltrusi\'o), representative democracy (= rolka\'itrusi\'o), viceroy (= ka\'itru), pure communism (= guntrusi\'o), board of directors/trustees, steering committee (= trukamni); government (= trugunma, trugri (emphasizing the components), truci\'e (emphasizing the organization))]; (cf. catni, minde, tutra, jecta, gugde, ponse, jitro)', 'def' => 'x1 governs/rules/is ruler/governor/sovereign/reigns over people/territory/domain/subjects x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'govern', 'rafsi' => [ 'tru' ], 'gismu' => 'turni', 'unknown2' => '113', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bavmi, cunmi, mavji, maxri, molki, mraji, rismi, sobde, spati, zumri, nanba, sorgu)', 'def' => 'x1 is grain/[British: corn]/cereal from plant/species x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'grain', 'rafsi' => [ 'gru' ], 'gismu' => 'gurni', 'unknown2' => '71', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. junta, kilto, bunda, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 gram(s) [metric unit] in mass (default is 1) by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'gram', 'rafsi' => [ 'gra' ], 'gismu' => 'grake', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'af' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bangu, stura, cmavo, jufra)', 'def' => 'x1 is the grammar/rules/defining form of language x2 for structure/text x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'grammar', 'rafsi' => [ 'gen', 'ge\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'gerna', 'unknown2' => '91', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[hug (= birjai, pamjai); embrace (= xadjai); handshake (= xanjai, jikyxanjai), handle (= veljai, veljaitci)]; (cf. ralte, pencu, darxi, batke, rinju)', 'def' => 'x1 grasps/holds/clutches/seizes/grips/[hugs] x2 with x3 (part of x1) at locus x4 (part of x2)', 'origin' => '\'grip\'', 'shortdef' => 'grasp', 'rafsi' => [ 'jai ' ], 'gismu' => 'jgari', 'unknown2' => '60', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '[lawn/meadow (= sasfoi)]; (cf. spati)', 'def' => 'x1 is a blade/expanse of grass of species x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'grass', 'rafsi' => [ 'sas' ], 'gismu' => 'srasu', 'unknown2' => '47', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[also gratitude (= nunckire or kamckire)]; (cf. cinmo, friti, pluka)', 'def' => 'x1 is grateful/thankful to/appreciative of x2 for x3 (event/property)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'grateful', 'rafsi' => [ 'kir' ], 'gismu' => 'ckire', 'unknown2' => '53', 'unknown1' => '2l' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is gray [color adjective]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'gray', 'rafsi' => [ 'rus' ], 'gismu' => 'grusi', 'unknown2' => '48', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ctile, matne, plana)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains grease/fat/oil from source x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'grease', 'rafsi' => [ 'ras' ], 'gismu' => 'grasu', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '6b' }, { 'notes' => '[indicates a subjective greatness, as compared to the objective standard implied for barda; (synonyms, possibly requiring tanru:) extraordinary, illustrious, magnificent, impressive, awesome, grandiose, august, inspiring, special, majestic, distinguished, eminent, splendor, stately, imposing (all generally zabna); terrible (mabla)]; (cf. barda, nobli, se sinma, pluja, misno, vajni, fasnu, cizra, traji, mutce, se manci)', 'def' => 'x1 is great/grand in property x2 (ka) by standard x3', 'origin' => '\'grand\'', 'shortdef' => 'great', 'rafsi' => [ 'bal', 'ba\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'banli', 'unknown2' => '96', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. latmo, ropno)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Greek/Hellenic culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => '\'Hellas\'', 'shortdef' => 'Greek', 'rafsi' => [ 'xes' ], 'gismu' => 'xelso', 'unknown2' => '40', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, cicna)', 'def' => 'x1 is green/verdant [color adjective]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'green', 'rafsi' => [ 'ri\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'crino', 'unknown2' => '92', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. friti for welcome/hospitality, cmavo list coi, cmavo list co\'o)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) greets/hails/[welcomes/says hello to]/responds to arrival of x2 in manner x3 (action)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'greet', 'gismu' => 'rinsa', 'unknown2' => '40', 'unknown1' => '2n' }, { 'notes' => '[may need mosra tanru]; (cf. daspo, purmo, marxa, pulce, canre, molki)', 'def' => 'x1 [individual or mass of hard surfaces] grinds/pulverizes/crushes x2 into powder x3', 'origin' => '\'pulverize\'', 'shortdef' => 'grind', 'rafsi' => [ 'zal' ], 'gismu' => 'zalvi', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. plixa)', 'def' => 'x1 is a groove/trench/furrow [shape/form] in object/surface x2', 'origin' => '\'furrow\'', 'shortdef' => 'groove', 'rafsi' => [ 'ku\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'skuro', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[also collection, team, comprised of, comprising; members x3 (a specification of the complete membership) comprise group x1; cluster (= kangri)]; (cf. bende, ciste, cmima, gunma, panra, cabra, cecmu, kansa, klesi, lanzu, liste, vrici)', 'def' => 'x1 is group/cluster/team showing common property (ka) x2 due to set x3 linked by relations x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'group', 'rafsi' => [ 'gir', 'gri' ], 'gismu' => 'girzu', 'unknown2' => '94', 'unknown1' => '7c' }, { 'notes' => '[also rising, developing; x1 gets bigger/enlarges/increases]; (cf. farvi, zenba, jmina, barda, makcu, ferti)', 'def' => 'x1 grows/expands [an increasing development] to size/into form x2 from x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'grow', 'rafsi' => [ 'ba\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'banro', 'unknown2' => '26', 'unknown1' => '8f' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 has a hunch that x2 is true; x1 imagines x2 is true; words usable for epistemology typically have a du\'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jijnu, sruma)', 'def' => 'x1 guesses/conjectures/surmises x2 (du\'u) is true about subject x3; [epistemology]', 'origin' => '\'surmise\'', 'shortdef' => 'guess', 'gismu' => 'smadi', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '3l' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. friti, klama, zasni, xabju, zvati)', 'def' => 'x1 is a guest/visitor of x2 at place/event x3; x1 visits x2/x3', 'origin' => '\'visit\'', 'shortdef' => 'guest', 'rafsi' => [ 'vi\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'vitke', 'unknown2' => '95', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '[a guiding person advises/suggests/sets an example to be followed, but does not necessarily control/direct/manage actual execution of an event; an event may serve as a guide by setting a pattern/example to be emulated]; (cf. jitro, ralju, sazri, te bende, jatna, fukpi, morna)', 'def' => 'x1 (person/object/event) guides/conducts/pilots/leads x2 (active participants) in/at x3 (event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'guide', 'rafsi' => [ 'gid', 'gi\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'gidva', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list .u\'u, cinmo, xenru, zekri)', 'def' => 'x1 feels guilt/remorse about x2 (abstraction)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'guilt', 'rafsi' => [ 'zug' ], 'gismu' => 'zungi', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '[also lute, viola, cello]; (cf. zgike)', 'def' => 'x1 is guitar/violin/fiddle/harp [stringed musical instrument] with actuator/plectrum/bow x2', 'origin' => '\'guitar\'', 'shortdef' => 'guitar', 'rafsi' => [ 'git' ], 'gismu' => 'jgita', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ak' }, { 'notes' => '[metaphor: process hub]; (cf. betfu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the gut(s)/entrails/intestines/viscera/innards/digestive system [body-part] of x2', 'origin' => '\'entrails\'', 'shortdef' => 'gut', 'gismu' => 'canti', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sluji, dansu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a gymnast at/performs gymnastics feat x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'gymnast', 'rafsi' => [ 'zaj' ], 'gismu' => 'zajba', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[this is the substance, not the act or manner of its falling, which is carvi]; (cf. carvi, snime, bisli, tcima)', 'def' => 'x1 is hail/sleet/freezing rain/solid precipitation of material/composition including x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hail', 'gismu' => 'bratu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '4h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skapi, sunla, pimlu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the hair/fur [body-part] of x2 at body location x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hair', 'rafsi' => [ 'kre' ], 'gismu' => 'kerfa', 'unknown2' => '60', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mulno, pagbu)', 'def' => 'x1 is exactly/approximately half/semi-/demi-/hemi- of x2 by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'half', 'rafsi' => [ 'xab' ], 'gismu' => 'xadba', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tutci)', 'def' => 'x1 [tool] is a hammer for/hammers x2 [target] consisting of weight/head x3 propelled by x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hammer', 'rafsi' => [ 'mru' ], 'gismu' => 'mruli', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is manual]; (cf. birka, degji, jitro, xlura, jamfu, tamji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the hand [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: manipulating tool, waldo]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hand', 'rafsi' => [ 'xan', 'xa\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'xance', 'unknown2' => '106', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '[pendant (= dadja\'i); also dependent (original meaning)] (cf. lasna, jorne)', 'def' => 'x1 hangs/dangles/is suspended from x2 by/at/with joint x3', 'origin' => '\'dangle, suspend\'', 'shortdef' => 'hang', 'rafsi' => [ 'dad' ], 'gismu' => 'dandu', 'unknown2' => '54', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[adversity (= kamnalgei)]; (cf. badri, cinmo)', 'def' => 'x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state)', 'origin' => '\'gay\'', 'shortdef' => 'happy', 'rafsi' => [ 'gek', 'gei ' ], 'gismu' => 'gleki', 'unknown2' => '170', 'unknown1' => '3c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. satci, panpi, mapti, tugni, ckini)', 'def' => 'x1 is harmonious/concordant/in agreement/concord with x2 in property x3 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'harmonious', 'rafsi' => [ 'sax' ], 'gismu' => 'sarxe', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. critu, sombo, jmaji)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) harvests/reaps/gathers crop/product/objects x2 from source/area x3', 'origin' => '\'reap\'', 'shortdef' => 'harvest', 'rafsi' => [ 'rep' ], 'gismu' => 'crepu', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'as' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is hateful (one sense); x2 is hateful (different sense)]; (cf. djica, nitcu, rigni, prami, nelci)', 'def' => 'x1 hates/despises x2 (object/abstraction); x1 is full of hate for x2; x2 is odious to x1', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hate', 'rafsi' => [ 'xen', 'xei ' ], 'gismu' => 'xebni', 'unknown2' => '55', 'unknown1' => '2i' }, { 'notes' => '[skull (= sedbo\'u)]; (cf. drudi, mebri, xedja, besna, flira, mapku)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the head [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: uppermost portion]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'head', 'rafsi' => [ 'sed' ], 'gismu' => 'stedu', 'unknown2' => '40', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bilma, mikce)', 'def' => 'x1 is healthy/fit/well/in good health by standard x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'healthy', 'rafsi' => [ 'ka\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'kanro', 'unknown2' => '35', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmana)', 'def' => 'x1 is a heap/pile/stack/mound/hill of materials x2 at location x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'heap', 'rafsi' => [ 'dre' ], 'gismu' => 'derxi', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '3m' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kerlo, sance, smaji, savru, voksa, ganse, zgana)', 'def' => 'x1 hears x2 against background/noise x3; x2 is audible; (adjective:) x1 is aural', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hear', 'rafsi' => [ 'tin' ], 'gismu' => 'tirna', 'unknown2' => '75', 'unknown1' => '6m' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is cardiac; emotional \'heart\' (= cnise\'i)]; (cf. pambe, ciblu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the heart [body-part] of x2; [emotional/shape metaphors are NOT culturally neutral]', 'origin' => '\'cardiac\'', 'shortdef' => 'heart', 'gismu' => 'risna', 'unknown2' => '34', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. linto; carmi, se junri for metaphor, bunda, junta)', 'def' => 'x1 is heavy/weighty in mass/weight by standard x2', 'origin' => '\'weighty\'', 'shortdef' => 'heavy', 'rafsi' => [ 'tij' ], 'gismu' => 'tilju', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. filso)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Hebrew/Jewish/Israeli culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Hebrew', 'rafsi' => [ 'xeb', 'bro' ], 'gismu' => 'xebro', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[pedantically, inheriting an object should be a sumti-raising (tu\'a if non-abstract in x2) of inheriting loka ponse the object - the ownership of the object (= posycerda, posyselcerda for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. jgina)', 'def' => 'x1 is an heir to/is to inherit x2 (object/quality) from x3 according to rule x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'heir', 'rafsi' => [ 'ced' ], 'gismu' => 'cerda', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list si\'u, rirni, sarji, vipsi, ferti, selfu)', 'def' => 'x1 helps/assists/aids object/person x2 do/achieve/maintain event/activity x3', 'origin' => '\'aid\'', 'shortdef' => 'help', 'rafsi' => [ 'dju' ], 'gismu' => 'sidju', 'unknown2' => '90', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skori, tanko, sigja, xukmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of hemp/marijuana/jute of species/strain x2', 'origin' => '\'marijuana\'', 'shortdef' => 'hemp', 'gismu' => 'marna', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '[also upper; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. gapru, dizlo, cnita, drudi, farna)', 'def' => 'x1 is high/up/upward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'high', 'rafsi' => [ 'gal', 'ga\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'galtu', 'unknown2' => '123', 'unknown1' => '2d' }, { 'notes' => '[defaults to not include Urdu; Indian (Bharat) nationality may be implied (when constrained by xingu\'e)]; (cf. srito, xurdo, bengo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Hindi language/culture/religion in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Hindi', 'rafsi' => [ 'xin' ], 'gismu' => 'xindo', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[refers to Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries, not Brazil/Guyana]; (cf. merko, mexno, spano, ketco, bemro, gento)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Hispano-American culture/nationalities in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Hispanic', 'rafsi' => [ 'xip' ], 'gismu' => 'xispo', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[also historic/historical (= cirtermo\'i, cirvai)]; (cf. muzga)', 'def' => 'x1 is a history of x2 according to x3 (person)/from point-of-view x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'history', 'rafsi' => [ 'cir' ], 'gismu' => 'citri', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bikla, gunta, jenca, tunta, tikpa, janli, jgari, pencu)', 'def' => 'x1 hits/strikes/[beats] x2 with instrument [or body-part] x3 at locus x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hit', 'rafsi' => [ 'dax', 'da\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'darxi', 'unknown2' => '105', 'unknown1' => '1g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cevni, krici, latna, pruxi, lijda, sinma)', 'def' => 'x1 is holy/sacred to person/people/culture/religion/cult/group x2', 'origin' => '\'sacred\'', 'shortdef' => 'holy', 'rafsi' => [ 'ces' ], 'gismu' => 'censa', 'unknown2' => '58', 'unknown1' => 'ac' }, { 'notes' => '[also straight, straight-forward]; (cf. tcica, jetnu, jitfa, mipri)', 'def' => 'x1 is honest/open/truthfully revealing to/candid/frank with x2 about matter/fact x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'honest', 'rafsi' => [ 'sac' ], 'gismu' => 'stace', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xirma)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the hoof [body-part] of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hoof', 'rafsi' => [ 'sfu' ], 'gismu' => 'sufti', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kruvi, korcu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a hook/crook [shape/form] of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hook', 'rafsi' => [ 'gex' ], 'gismu' => 'genxu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is hopeful of x2; x2 will hopefully occur, as hoped for by x1; the value of x3 is a subjective estimate of likeliness according to x1, and is the basic determinant of whether pacna means \'hope\' or \'wish\' or \'expect\': hoping for objects/states with negligible expectation is "wishing"; if the state is plausibly likely, it is "hoping"; when the probability is subjectively near 1, the attitude is described as "expecting"; the value will usually be expressed using inexact numbers ("li piso\'u" to "li piro"); wish (= sotpa\'a), hope (= sorpa\'a), expect (= sojypa\'a)]; (cf. djica)', 'def' => 'x1 hopes/wishes for/desires x2 (event), expected likelihood x3 (0-1); x1 hopes that x2 happens', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hope', 'rafsi' => [ 'pa\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'pacna', 'unknown2' => '60', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jgalu, bongu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the horn [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: pointed extremity]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'horn', 'gismu' => 'jirna', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is equine/equestrian]; (cf. sufti, xasli, kumte)', 'def' => 'x1 is a horse/equine/[colt/mare/stallion/pony] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'horse', 'rafsi' => [ 'xir', 'xi\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'xirma', 'unknown2' => '29', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[hospice (a place where x2 of spita is lenu mrobi\'o = mrospita)]; (cf. bilma, mikce)', 'def' => 'x1 is a hospital treating patient(s) x2 for condition/injuries/disease/illness x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hospital', 'gismu' => 'spita', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '[warm (= mligla), feverish (= bi\'agla)]; (cf. lenku)', 'def' => 'x1 is hot/[warm] by standard x2', 'origin' => '\'warm\'', 'shortdef' => 'hot', 'rafsi' => [ 'gla' ], 'gismu' => 'glare', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. barja, gusta)', 'def' => 'x1 is a hotel/inn/hostel at location x2 operated by x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hotel', 'rafsi' => [ 'xol', 'xoi ' ], 'gismu' => 'xotli', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '7f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. junla, mentu, snidu, tcika, temci)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 hours in duration (default is 1 hour) by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hour', 'gismu' => 'cacra', 'unknown2' => '21', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nanmu, ninmu, prenu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a human/human being/man (non-specific gender-free sense); (adjective:) x1 is human', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'human', 'rafsi' => [ 'rem', 're\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'remna', 'unknown2' => '219', 'unknown1' => '1k' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinmo, jgira)', 'def' => 'x1 is humble/modest about x2 (abstraction); x1 displays humility about x2', 'origin' => '\'humility\'', 'shortdef' => 'humble', 'rafsi' => [ 'cul' ], 'gismu' => 'cumla', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cidja, citka, djica, nitcu, taske)', 'def' => 'x1 hungers for x2; x1 needs/wants food/fuel x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hunger', 'gismu' => 'xagji', 'unknown2' => '48', 'unknown1' => '2j' }, { 'notes' => '[also verb: to fish (= fipkalte)]; (cf. jersi, kavbu, sisku, rivbi)', 'def' => 'x1 hunts/stalks prey/quarry/game x2 for purpose x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hunt', 'rafsi' => [ 'kat' ], 'gismu' => 'kalte', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => 'as' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gapci, xukmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of hydrogen (H); [metaphor: light, flammable]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'hydrogen', 'rafsi' => [ 'dro' ], 'gismu' => 'cidro', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ag' }, { 'notes' => '[composition including x2, which need not be a complete composition]; (cf. kunra, runme, lenku, krili, bratu, snime, carvi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains ice [frozen crystal] of composition/material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ice', 'rafsi' => [ 'bis' ], 'gismu' => 'bisli', 'unknown2' => '43', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is ideal/ideational]; (cf. ciksi, jijnu, mucti, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, xanri, cmavo list si\'o)', 'def' => 'x1 (idea abstract) is an idea/concept/thought about x2 (object/abstract) by thinker x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'idea', 'rafsi' => [ 'sib', 'si\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'sidbo', 'unknown2' => '81', 'unknown1' => '9e' }, { 'notes' => '["in motion", not implying a change in location, is negation of this]; (cf. surla)', 'def' => 'x1 is idle/at rest/inactive', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'idle', 'rafsi' => [ 'cad' ], 'gismu' => 'cando', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kanro, mikce, spita, senci, kafke, binra)', 'def' => 'x1 is ill/sick/diseased with symptoms x2 from disease x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ill', 'rafsi' => [ 'bi\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'bilma', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '[x3 illuminates/lights x2 with light/illumination x1; x2 is lit/illuminated by illumination x1 from source x3 (= selgu\'i for reordered places); light/lamp (= tergu\'i)](cf. dirce, manku, solri, carmi, ctino, kantu)', 'def' => 'x1 [energy] is light/illumination illuminating x2 from light source x3', 'origin' => '\'light\'', 'shortdef' => 'illumine', 'rafsi' => [ 'gus', 'gu\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'gusni', 'unknown2' => '151', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is mental (one sense), x1 is unreal (one sense); in spite of the synonym, note that x2 is imaginary does not imply that it doesn\'t exist in the real world; the definition is crafted so that one can talk about imaginary things without claiming that they thereby really exist]; (cf. fatci, senva, sucta, zasti, cfika, dacti, menli, sidbo)', 'def' => 'x1 [concept] exists in the imagination of/is imagined by/is imaginary to x2', 'origin' => '\'unreal\'', 'shortdef' => 'imaginary', 'rafsi' => [ 'xar' ], 'gismu' => 'xanri', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '3j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. marji, menli, pruxi, sidbo)', 'def' => 'x1 is immaterial/not physical/without material form', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'immaterial', 'rafsi' => [ 'mut' ], 'gismu' => 'mucti', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => '6b' }, { 'notes' => '[take a bath/bathe (= jirsezlu\'i)]; (cf. lumci, nenri, jinsa)', 'def' => 'x1 (object/person) is immersed/submerged/bathes in liquid x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'immerse', 'rafsi' => [ 'jir' ], 'gismu' => 'jinru', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 matters to x2 in aspect/respect x3]; (cf. banli, ralju, vamji, dirba, kargu, pajni)', 'def' => 'x1 (object/event) is important/significant to x2 (person/event) in aspect/for reason x3 (nu/ka)', 'origin' => '\'significant\'', 'shortdef' => 'important', 'rafsi' => [ 'vaj', 'vai ' ], 'gismu' => 'vajni', 'unknown2' => '87', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[indicates total containment]; (cf. se vasru (for containment that need not be total), jbini, zvati, cpana, sruri, senta, snuji, bartu, diklo, jibni, jinru, setca)', 'def' => 'x1 is in/inside/within x2; x1 is on the inside/interior of x2 [totally within the bounds of x2]', 'origin' => '\'inner\'', 'shortdef' => 'in', 'rafsi' => [ 'ner', 'ne\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'nenri', 'unknown2' => '298', 'unknown1' => '1e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jdika, zmadu, banro, jmina)', 'def' => 'x1 (experiencer) increases/is incremented/augmented in property/quantity x2 by amount x3', 'origin' => '\'augment\'', 'shortdef' => 'increase', 'rafsi' => [ 'zen', 'ze\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'zenba', 'unknown2' => '35', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bindo, meljo, baxso)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Indonesian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Indonesian', 'rafsi' => [ 'bid' ], 'gismu' => 'bindo', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cupra, fanri, rutni, zbasu)', 'def' => 'x1 is industry/industrial/systematic manufacturing activity producing x2 by process/means x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'industry', 'rafsi' => [ 'gud' ], 'gismu' => 'gundi', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[also infantile]; (cf. makcu, verba)', 'def' => 'x1 is an infant/baby [helpless through youth/incomplete development] of species x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'infant', 'rafsi' => [ 'cif' ], 'gismu' => 'cifnu', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => '3b' }, { 'notes' => '[also everlasting, eternity, (= cimnytei), eternal (= cimnyteikai or temcimni)] (cf. vitno, renvi, munje, fanmo, sisti)', 'def' => 'x1 is infinite/unending/eternal in property/dimension x2, to degree x3 (quantity)/of type x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'infinite', 'gismu' => 'cimni', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => 'al' }, { 'notes' => '[also impresses; x4 is alluring (= trivelxlu for place reordering); x3 may be an achieved action/state, or an attempt to perform an action/enter a state)]; (x3 and x4 are normally events or states); (cf. djica, mukti, trina, jitro, sazri, tcica, xance, stidi, kajde, maksi)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) influences/lures/tempts x2 into action/state x3 by influence/threat/lure x4', 'origin' => '\'lure\'', 'shortdef' => 'influence', 'rafsi' => [ 'xlu' ], 'gismu' => 'xlura', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sisti, krasi, fanmo)', 'def' => 'x1 [state/event/process] commences/initiates/starts/begins to occur; (intransitive verb)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'initiate', 'rafsi' => [ 'cfa' ], 'gismu' => 'cfari', 'unknown2' => '104', 'unknown1' => '2c' }, { 'notes' => '[also hurts]; (cf. cortu, daspo, spofu, katna, porpi)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) injures/harms/damages victim x2 in property x3 (ka) resulting in injury x4 (state)', 'origin' => '\'hurt\'', 'shortdef' => 'injure', 'rafsi' => [ 'xai ' ], 'gismu' => 'xrani', 'unknown2' => '82', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. penbi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of ink of color/pigment x2 used by writing device x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ink', 'rafsi' => [ 'xim' ], 'gismu' => 'xinmo', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lakne, rarna, stati, cmavo list ka\'e, tcaci)', 'def' => 'x1 (property - ka) is an innate/inherent/intrinsic/natural property/quality/aspect of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'innate', 'rafsi' => [ 'jiz' ], 'gismu' => 'jinzi', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. civla, danlu, jalra, jukni, manti, sfani, toldi, bifce)', 'def' => 'x1 is an insect/arthropod of species x2; [bug/beetle]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'insect', 'gismu' => 'cinki', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[insertion need not imply a significant degree of \'filling\'; inject (= je\'erse\'a); syringe/needle (= se\'arterje\'e, je\'erse\'atci, jestu\'u or tu\'urjesni); also pour, inflate, stuff, fill]; (cf. rinci, tisna, punji, jbini, nenri, jmina, culno, kunti, catlu)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) inserts/interposes/puts/deposits x2 into interior x3/into among/between members of x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'insert', 'rafsi' => [ 'se\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'setca', 'unknown2' => '37', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[also x3 loss; sell/purchase insurance (= binryve\'u), premium (= binrydi\'a, or binryvelve\'u)]; (cf. bandu, cirko, betri, basti, bilma)', 'def' => 'x1 insures/indemnifies x2 (person) against peril x3 (event) providing benefit(s) x4 (event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'insure', 'gismu' => 'binra', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also lustrous, gleaming, sparkling, shining (all probably better metaphorically combined with gusni: gusycai or camgu\'i); in colors, refers principally to increased saturation (with opposite kandi)]; (cf. denmi, gusni, kandi, ruble, skari, tilju, tsali, mutce, blabi, blanu, bunre, cicna, crino, grusi, narju, nukni, pelxu, xekri, xunre, zirpu)', 'def' => 'x1 is intense/bright/saturated/brilliant in property (ka) x2 as received/measured by observer x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'intense', 'rafsi' => [ 'cam', 'cai ' ], 'gismu' => 'carmi', 'unknown2' => '143', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '[use x1 tu\'a for non-specific interest in an object; interested in (= selci\'i)]; (cf. zdile, kucli, manci, kurji)', 'def' => 'x1 (abstraction) interests/is interesting to x2; x2 is interested in x1', 'origin' => '\'interests\'', 'shortdef' => 'interesting', 'rafsi' => [ 'ci\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'cinri', 'unknown2' => '62', 'unknown1' => '8b' }, { 'notes' => '[also blocks, obstructs, baffles; not necessarily forcing cessation] (cf. fanta, dicra, fliba, fanza, raktu, klina, bandu, cfipu, ganlo)', 'def' => 'x1 (evt./state) interferes with/hinders/disrupts x2 (evt./state/process) due to quality x3 (ka)', 'origin' => '\'hinder\'', 'shortdef' => 'interfere', 'rafsi' => [ 'zun', 'zu\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'zunti', 'unknown2' => '39', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also disturbs (one sense)]; (cf. zunti, fanza, raktu, denpa)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) interrupts/stops/halts/[disrupts] x2 (object/event/process) due to quality x3', 'origin' => '\'disturb, disrupt\'', 'shortdef' => 'interrupt', 'rafsi' => [ 'dir' ], 'gismu' => 'dicra', 'unknown2' => '60', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cripu, ragve)', 'def' => 'x1 intersects/crosses/traverses x2 at locus x3', 'origin' => '\'cross\'', 'shortdef' => 'intersect', 'rafsi' => [ 'kuc' ], 'gismu' => 'kruca', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '[words usable for epistemology typically have a du\'u place]; (cf. djuno, facki, jimpe, jinvi, nabmi, pensi, sidbo, smadi)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) intuits x2 (du\'u) about subject x3; [epistemology]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'intuit', 'rafsi' => [ 'jij' ], 'gismu' => 'jijnu', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is creative/inventive]; (cf. cmavo list fi\'e, ciska, pemci, zbasu, larcu, specific works of authorship, prosa, skina)', 'def' => 'x1 invents/creates/composes/authors x2 for function/purpose x3 from existing elements/ideas x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'invent', 'rafsi' => [ 'fin', 'fi\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'finti', 'unknown2' => '120', 'unknown1' => '8b' }, { 'notes' => '[also ties up/[risks/gambles]; x1 is an investor; x2 are invested assets of x1; bond (= jertervle)]; (cf. prali, canja, jbera, dejni, ponse)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) invests resources x2 in investment x3 expecting return/profit x4 (object(s)/event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'invest', 'rafsi' => [ 'ziv', 'vle' ], 'gismu' => 'zivle', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xrabo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Iraqi culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Iraqi', 'gismu' => 'rakso', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is ferric/ferrous]; (cf. jinme, gasta, molki)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of iron (Fe); [metaphor: strong, durable, tarnishing]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'iron', 'rafsi' => [ 'tir' ], 'gismu' => 'tirse', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'ag' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. dukti, frica, cizra)', 'def' => 'x1 is ironic(al)/contrary to expectation x2 in state/property/aspect x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'irony', 'rafsi' => [ 'rax' ], 'gismu' => 'ranxi', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ranji, rufsu, suksa)', 'def' => 'x1 is irregular/occasional/intermittent in property/action/aspect x2', 'origin' => '\'intermittent\'', 'shortdef' => 'irregular', 'rafsi' => [ 'vit' ], 'gismu' => 'vitci', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[also Muslim]; (cf. jegvo, lijda)', 'def' => 'x1 pertains to the Islamic/Moslem/Koranic [Quranic] culture/religion/nation in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Islamic', 'rafsi' => [ 'mus' ], 'gismu' => 'muslo', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => 'ac' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lalxu, rirxe, xamsi, dirgo)', 'def' => 'x1 is an island/atoll/key of [material/properties] x2 in surroundings/body x3; x1 is insular', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'island', 'rafsi' => [ 'plu' ], 'gismu' => 'daplu', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ap' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xazdo, daplu)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Japanese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => '\'Nippon\'', 'shortdef' => 'Japanese', 'rafsi' => [ 'pon', 'po\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'ponjo', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. stedu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the jaw [body-part] of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'jaw', 'rafsi' => [ 'xej', 'xe\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'xedja', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinmo)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) is jealous of/envies x2 (person) about/for x3 (property - ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'jealous', 'gismu' => 'jilra', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '[also Muslim]; (cf. lijda, muslo, dadjo, xriso)', 'def' => 'x1 pertains to the common Judeo-Christian-Moslem culture/religion/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Jehovist', 'rafsi' => [ 'jeg', 'je\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'jegvo', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => 'ac' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is gelatinous]; (cf. litki, sligu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of jelly/semisolid [texture] of material/composition including x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'jelly', 'rafsi' => [ 'dul', 'jdu' ], 'gismu' => 'jduli', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sputu, vamtu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a jet [expelled stream] of material x2 expelled from x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'jet', 'rafsi' => [ 'je\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'jetce', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[working for another (= selplijibri)]; (cf. briju, gunka, te jerna which is employment specifically for pay and not specifically for another, te pilno which is employment not necessarily for pay and not necessarily regular or lasting but for another, se gasnu and se zukte for incidental activities)', 'def' => 'x1 is a job/occupation/employment/vocation (a type of work regularly done for pay) of person x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'job', 'rafsi' => [ 'jib' ], 'gismu' => 'jibri', 'unknown2' => '45', 'unknown1' => '2n' }, { 'notes' => '[also joined/fastened/attached by joint x3/by means of x3/with fastener x3; fastener (= jo\'etci, jonvelyla\'a); train, sequence of joined objects (= jonpoi; porjo\'e for a single object joined into a sequence)]; (cf. lasna, fenso, kansa, pencu, penmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is joined to/connects to/is united with x2 at common locus x3; x1 and x2 are a union', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'joined', 'rafsi' => [ 'jon', 'jo\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'jorne', 'unknown2' => '34', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[A description in x1 indicates of mass property(ies) displayed by the mass; masses may reveal properties not found in the individual set members that are massified, which themselves are not necessarily relevant to the mass property implicit in this bridi]; (cf. bende, girzu, pagbu, cmavo list loi, lei, lai, ciste, cmima, kansa, tinci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a mass/team/aggregate/whole, together composed of components x2, considered jointly', 'origin' => '\'mass\'', 'shortdef' => 'jointly', 'rafsi' => [ 'gum' ], 'gismu' => 'gunma', 'unknown2' => '25', 'unknown1' => '5a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. filso)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Jordanian culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Jordanian', 'rafsi' => [ 'jor', 'jo\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'jordo', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 may be a subject, but not all journals have a single subject; all have some sort of principle defining what is included, so this need not be a list]; (cf. papri, pelji, tcidu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a journal/periodical/magazine/[newspaper] with content x2 published by x3 for audience x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'journal', 'gismu' => 'karni', 'unknown2' => '56', 'unknown1' => '8b' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 includes jei = rule (jetpai), ni = estimate (lairpai), ka = evaluate (kairpai or vampai), or nu = referee/arbitrate (faurpai); single events of judging including specific decisions/judgements (= paijdi, jetpaijdi, lairpaijdi, kairpaijdi, vampaijdi, faurpaijdi); jury (= pairkamni), serve on a jury (= kamnypai, as part of mass x1)]; (cf. cuxna, jdice, vajni, cipra, zekri, manri, mansa)', 'def' => 'x1 judges/referees/arbitrates/is a judge determining/deciding matter x2 (abstract)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'judge', 'rafsi' => [ 'pai ' ], 'gismu' => 'pajni', 'unknown2' => '39', 'unknown1' => '2f' }, { 'notes' => '[water-based extract from a (generally) biological source] (cf. pinxe, djacu, grute, stagi)', 'def' => 'x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of juice/nectar from-source/of-type x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'juice', 'gismu' => 'jisra', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '2j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gradu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 degree(s) Kelvin [metric unit] in temperature (default is 1) by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'kelvin', 'rafsi' => [ 'ke\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'kelvo', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'af' }, { 'notes' => '[also x2 fastener, mechanism; code key (= termifckiku, kiktermifra); x3 is dependent on the type of key, but are those form properties of the key that enable it to serve the function of opening the lock - in the case of a metal key to a padlock, for example, this would be the shaft and teeth]; (cf. stela)', 'def' => 'x1 is a key fitting/releasing/opening/unlocking lock x2, and having relevant properties x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'key', 'rafsi' => [ 'kik' ], 'gismu' => 'ckiku', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tunta, darxi)', 'def' => 'x1 kicks [hits with x1\'s foot/feet x4] x2 in/at locus x3, using x1\'s foot/feet x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'kick', 'rafsi' => [ 'tip' ], 'gismu' => 'tikpa', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '2b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. morsi, xarci)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) kills/slaughters/murders x2 by action/method x3', 'origin' => '\'slaughter\'', 'shortdef' => 'kill', 'gismu' => 'catra', 'unknown2' => '82', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinmo, kecti, pendo, kusru)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) is kind to x2 in actions/behavior x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'kind', 'rafsi' => [ 'xed', 'xe\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'xendo', 'unknown2' => '23', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ctebi)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) kisses/busses x2 at locus x3', 'origin' => '\'buss\'', 'shortdef' => 'kiss', 'gismu' => 'cinba', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '[metaphor: a sharp bend/curve] (cf. korcu, jarco, jganu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the knee/elbow/knuckle [hinged joint, body-part] of limb x2 of body x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'knee', 'rafsi' => [ 'cid' ], 'gismu' => 'cidni', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. denci, balre, katna, tunta, forca, smuci, kinli)', 'def' => 'x1 is a knife (tool) for cutting x2, with blade of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'knife', 'rafsi' => [ 'dak' ], 'gismu' => 'dakfu', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => '1f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cilta, fenso, jivbu, pijne)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) knits x2 [cloth/object] from yarn/thread x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'knit', 'rafsi' => [ 'niv' ], 'gismu' => 'nivji', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[knot (verb = jgegau, jgezu\'e, jgeri\'a, jgela\'a), knot: fastening between two or more cords (= jgeterjo\'e)]; (cf. pluja, julne, lasna, skori)', 'def' => 'x1 is a knot/tangle in/between x2 (object/jo\'u-objects)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'knot', 'rafsi' => [ 'jge' ], 'gismu' => 'jgena', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[words usable for epistemology typically have a du\'u place; know how to - implying knowledge of method but not necessarily having the ability to practice (= tadjyju\'o)] (cf. know/familiar with: se slabu, na\'e cnino, na\'e fange; cmavo list du\'o, cilre, certu, facki, jijnu, jimpe, senpi, smadi, kakne, birti, mipri, morji, saske, viska)', 'def' => 'x1 knows fact(s) x2 (du\'u) about subject x3 by epistemology x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'know', 'rafsi' => [ 'jun', 'ju\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'djuno', 'unknown2' => '375', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sinxa, cmene, judri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a label/tag of x2 showing information x3', 'origin' => '\'tag\'', 'shortdef' => 'label', 'gismu' => 'tcita', 'unknown2' => '219', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. daplu, djacu, rirxe, xamsi, zbani)', 'def' => 'x1 is a lake/lagoon/pool at site/within land mass x2', 'origin' => '\'lagoon\'', 'shortdef' => 'lake', 'rafsi' => [ 'la\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'lalxu', 'unknown2' => '61', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. vacri, xamsi; tutra, which need not be land, gugde, xamsi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a parcel/expanse of land at location x2; x1 is terrain', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'land', 'rafsi' => [ 'tum', 'tu\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'tumla', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '[also tongue]; (cf. tance, cusku, ve tavla, valsi, gerna, jufra, natmi, slaka)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the language/dialect used by x2 to express/communicate x3 (si\'o/du\'u, not quote)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'language', 'rafsi' => [ 'ban', 'bau ' ], 'gismu' => 'bangu', 'unknown2' => '162', 'unknown1' => '1b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. clira)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) is late by standard x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'late', 'rafsi' => [ 'lec' ], 'gismu' => 'lerci', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ropno, fraso, spano, xispo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Latin/Roman/Romance culture/empire/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Latin', 'rafsi' => [ 'la\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'latmo', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 laughs at x2 (= mi\'afra)]; (cf. ckasu, frumu, xajmi, cisma)', 'def' => 'x1 laughs (emotional expression)', 'origin' => '\'smile\'', 'shortdef' => 'laugh', 'rafsi' => [ 'mi\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'cmila', 'unknown2' => '64', 'unknown1' => '1g' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is a gun/launcher/cannon; x1 hurls/throws/casts (more general than renro in that propulsion need not be internal to x1)]; (cf. renro, danti, jakne, jbama, spoja)', 'def' => 'x1 launches/fires/shoots projectile/missile x2, propelled by x3 [propellant/propulsion]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'launcher', 'rafsi' => [ 'cel', 'ce\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'cecla', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is a legality; x2 is legal/licit/legalized/a legality (= selfla for reordered places)]; (cf. javni, ritli, zekri, pulji, tinbe)', 'def' => 'x1 is a law specifying x2 (state/event) for community x3 under conditions x4 by lawgiver(s) x5', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'law', 'rafsi' => [ 'fla' ], 'gismu' => 'flalu', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. flecu, nenri, rirxe, sepli, snuji, jbini, bitmu, sruri, serti)', 'def' => 'x1 is a layer/stratum [shape/form] of x2 [material] within structure/continuum/composite x3', 'origin' => '\'stratum\'', 'shortdef' => 'layer', 'rafsi' => [ 'set' ], 'gismu' => 'senta', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nejni, vreta, gunka)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) is lazy/avoiding work/effort concerning action x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lazy', 'gismu' => 'lazni', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jinme, tinci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of lead (Pb); [metaphor: heavy, malleable, soft metal]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lead', 'rafsi' => [ 'nis' ], 'gismu' => 'cnisa', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ag' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tricu, papri, spati)', 'def' => 'x1 is a leaf of plant x2; x1 is foliage of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'leaf', 'rafsi' => [ 'pez' ], 'gismu' => 'pezli', 'unknown2' => '26', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '[place structure parallels klama; hence x4 may be a route-like expression]; (cf. bajra, stapa, cpare, lafti)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent/object) leaps/jumps/springs/bounds to x2 from x3 reaching height x4 propelled by x5', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'leap', 'rafsi' => [ 'pip', 'pi\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'plipe', 'unknown2' => '54', 'unknown1' => '1g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ctuca, tadni, djuno, ckule)', 'def' => 'x1 learns x2 (du\'u) about subject x3 from source x4 (obj./event) by method x5 (event/process)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'learn', 'rafsi' => [ 'cli' ], 'gismu' => 'cilre', 'unknown2' => '85', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 leaves behind/takes leave of x2]; (cf. litru. canci, vimcu, lebna, litru, muvdu)', 'def' => 'x1 leaves/goes away/departs/parts/separates from x2 via route x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'leave', 'rafsi' => [ 'liv', 'li\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'cliva', 'unknown2' => '115', 'unknown1' => '1g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xrabo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Lebanese culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Lebanese', 'rafsi' => [ 'lu\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'lubno', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[also x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list zu\'a, pritu, mlana, crane, trixe, farna)', 'def' => 'x1 is to the left/left-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'left', 'rafsi' => [ 'zul' ], 'gismu' => 'zunle', 'unknown2' => '38', 'unknown1' => '1e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. stani, zbepi, jamfu, jimca, sanli)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the leg [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: supporting branch]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'leg', 'rafsi' => [ 'tup', 'tu\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'tuple', 'unknown2' => '71', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is optical; focussing may be optical or otherwise, hence x2 which may be light, sound, X-ray, etc., default is light/optical lens; ka is refraction] (cf. kacma, minra)', 'def' => 'x1 is a lens/glass [focussing shape/form] focussing x2 to focus/foci x3 by means/material x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lens', 'rafsi' => [ 'len', 'le\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'lenjo', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[also negative (= nonme\'a)]; (cf. cmavo list me\'a, cmavo list su\'o, jdika, zmadu, traji)', 'def' => 'x1 is less than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'less', 'rafsi' => [ 'mec', 'me\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'mleca', 'unknown2' => '57', 'unknown1' => '6k' }, { 'notes' => '[sufficient condition (= crutcini), agent that permits a situation (= tcinycru)]; (cf. rinju, banzu, ralte, jimte, jaspu, zifre)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) lets/permits/allows x2 (event) under conditions x3; x1 grants privilege x2', 'origin' => '\'permit\'', 'shortdef' => 'let', 'rafsi' => [ 'cru' ], 'gismu' => 'curmi', 'unknown2' => '57', 'unknown1' => '8e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. notci, which has places in a different order; the emphasis in xatra is on the communication between author and recipient, and not the content, which in a letter may not easily be categorized to a \'subject\'; ciska, mrilu, papri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a letter/missive/[note] to intended audience x2 from author/originator x3 with content x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'letter', 'rafsi' => [ 'xa\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'xatra', 'unknown2' => '76', 'unknown1' => '4i' }, { 'notes' => '[also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me\'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set; (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic; "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"; sinxa is the more generic symbol]; (cf. mifra, namcu, sinxa, pandi)', 'def' => 'x1 (la\'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'letteral', 'rafsi' => [ 'ler', 'le\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'lerfu', 'unknown2' => '215', 'unknown1' => '3a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sraji, plita, xutla)', 'def' => 'x1 is flat/level/horizontal in gravity/frame of reference x2', 'origin' => '\'horizontal\'', 'shortdef' => 'level', 'rafsi' => [ 'pin' ], 'gismu' => 'pinta', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tutci, pulni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a lever [tool] [of apparatus] for doing x2 [function/action], with fulcrum x3 and arm x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lever', 'rafsi' => [ 'vra' ], 'gismu' => 'vraga', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. junri, linto)', 'def' => 'x1 uses levity/is non-serious/frivolous about x2 (abstraction)', 'origin' => '\'frivolous\'', 'shortdef' => 'levity', 'gismu' => 'xalbo', 'unknown2' => '18', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Libyan culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Libyan', 'rafsi' => [ 'lib' ], 'gismu' => 'libjo', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[(x1 may be an abstract); verb lift/raise/elevate (= lafmuvgau)] (cf. farlu, plipe)', 'def' => 'x1 (force) lifts/applies raising/supporting force to x2 at locus x3 in gravity well x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lift', 'rafsi' => [ 'laf' ], 'gismu' => 'lafti', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => '8h' }, { 'notes' => '[also thunder (= lidysna)]; (cf. dikca)', 'def' => 'x1 is lightning/electrical arc/thunderbolt striking at/extending to x2 from x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lightning', 'rafsi' => [ 'lid' ], 'gismu' => 'lindi', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => '4h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. junta, tilju; se xalbo, kandi for metaphor)', 'def' => 'x1 is light in mass/weight by standard x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lightweight', 'rafsi' => [ 'li\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'linto', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[restrain/constrain within limits (= jitri\'u, jitygau, jityzu\'e)]; (cf. cmavo list ji\'e, traji, korbi, kuspe, rinju, bapli, curmi, fanta, jbini)', 'def' => 'x1 is a limit/extreme/bound/border/[confinement] of x2 in property/domain x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'limit', 'rafsi' => [ 'jit' ], 'gismu' => 'jimte', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '[ray/vector (farli\'i or porli\'i)]; (cf. kruvi, sirji, jganu, kantu, mokca)', 'def' => 'x1 is a line/among lines [1-dimensional shape/form] defined by set of points x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'line', 'rafsi' => [ 'lij', 'li\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'linji', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bukpu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of linen/flax [type of fabric/material]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'linen', 'gismu' => 'matli', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mlatu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a lion/[lioness] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lion', 'gismu' => 'cinfo', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. moklu, korbi, cinba)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the lip [body-part]/rim of orifice x2 of body x3; (adjective:) x1 is labial', 'origin' => '\'labial\'', 'shortdef' => 'lip', 'rafsi' => [ 'teb' ], 'gismu' => 'ctebi', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '[conditions include temperature and pressure]; (cf. cilmo, djacu, lumci, runta, pambe, sudga, gapci, sligu, flecu, jduli)', 'def' => 'x1 is liquid/fluid, of composition/material including x2, under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'liquid', 'rafsi' => [ 'lik' ], 'gismu' => 'litki', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '6b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. barja, vanju, birje, xalka)', 'def' => 'x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of liquor/spirits distilled from x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'liquor', 'gismu' => 'jikru', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => '2j' }, { 'notes' => '[also roll, log]; (x2 is completely specified); (cf. porsi, girzu, cmima for mental objects wherein order is of varying importance; some manifested order is intrinsic to a physical list, but the specific order may be incidental and not intentional/purposeful)', 'def' => 'x1 (physical object) is a list/catalog/register of sequence/set x2 in order x3 in medium x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'list', 'rafsi' => [ 'ste' ], 'gismu' => 'liste', 'unknown2' => '32', 'unknown1' => '7c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. merli, grake, mitre, dekpu, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 liter(s) [metric unit] in volume (default is 1) by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'liter', 'rafsi' => [ 'lic' ], 'gismu' => 'litce', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'af' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is vital, organic]; (cf. lifri, morsi, stuzi, zvati, xabju)', 'def' => 'x1 lives/is alive by standard x2; x1 is an organism/living thing', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'live', 'rafsi' => [ 'miv', 'ji\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'jmive', 'unknown2' => '149', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. rango, betfu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the liver [body-part] of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'liver', 'gismu' => 'livga', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '[indicates a specific location/value within a range; e.g. a hits b. What is the locality on b that a hits? Thus x1 is associated with a specific narrow region/interval x2 of wider space/range x3]; (cf. cmavo list di\'o, jibni, zvati, cpana, nenri, lamji, stuzi, tcila)', 'def' => 'x1 is local to x2; x1 is confined to locus x2 within range x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'local', 'rafsi' => [ 'klo' ], 'gismu' => 'diklo', 'unknown2' => '426', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ckiku)', 'def' => 'x1 is a lock/seal of/on/for sealing x2 with/by locking mechanism x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lock', 'rafsi' => [ 'tel' ], 'gismu' => 'stela', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tenfa)', 'def' => 'x1 is the logarithm of x2 with base x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'logarithm', 'rafsi' => [ 'dug' ], 'gismu' => 'dugri', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ar' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1, x2 are logical]; (cf. nibli)', 'def' => 'x1 [rules/methods] is a logic for deducing/concluding/inferring/reasoning to/about x2 (du\'u)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'logic', 'rafsi' => [ 'loj' ], 'gismu' => 'logji', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => '7a' }, { 'notes' => '[pre-Lojban forms of Loglan (= dzejbo)] (cf. bangu, logji)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects [Loglandic]/Lojbanic language/culture/nationality/community in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Lojbanic', 'rafsi' => [ 'lob', 'jbo' ], 'gismu' => 'lojbo', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '1b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. slabu, condi, ganra, rotsu, tordu, barda, ganra, gutci, minli, rotsu)', 'def' => 'x1 is long in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'long', 'rafsi' => [ 'cla' ], 'gismu' => 'clani', 'unknown2' => '90', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[also look through (= grecta, ravycta, bacycta); note that English "look" often means a more generic "observe"]; (cf. jvinu, minra, simlu, viska, lanli, zgana, setca, viska)', 'def' => 'x1 looks at/examines/views/inspects/regards/watches/gazes at x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'look', 'rafsi' => [ 'cta' ], 'gismu' => 'catlu', 'unknown2' => '259', 'unknown1' => '1g' }, { 'notes' => '[also noose (= skoclupa, saljgeclupa; there is no indication of shape, but merely that the ends join/meet); closed curve defined by set of points (= cuptai)]; (cf. djine)', 'def' => 'x1 is a loop/circuit of x2 [material]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'loop', 'rafsi' => [ 'cup' ], 'gismu' => 'clupa', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tagji, trati, rinju)', 'def' => 'x1 (obj.) is loose/bloused/not tight on x2 (obj.) at locus x3', 'origin' => '\'blouse\'', 'shortdef' => 'loose', 'rafsi' => [ 'luz' ], 'gismu' => 'kluza', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event (rare for cirko), or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= po\'ecri, posyselcri for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. facki, ralte, sisku, claxu, jinga, pleji, canja, sfasa, dapma, binra, mipri)', 'def' => 'x1 loses person/thing x2 at/near x3; x1 loses property/feature x2 in conditions/situation x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lose', 'rafsi' => [ 'cri' ], 'gismu' => 'cirko', 'unknown2' => '39', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. budjo, censa, lijda, spati)', 'def' => 'x1 is a lotus, plant/flower/herb of species/strain x2 symbolizing x3 to culture/religion x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lotus', 'gismu' => 'latna', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. savru)', 'def' => 'x1 is loud/noisy at observation point x2 by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'loud', 'rafsi' => [ 'lau ' ], 'gismu' => 'cladu', 'unknown2' => '93', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinki, jalra)', 'def' => 'x1 is a louse/flea [blood-sucking arthropod] of species/breed x2, parasitic on x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'louse', 'rafsi' => [ 'civ' ], 'gismu' => 'civla', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is loving towards x2, x1 is a lover of x2 (one sense), x2 is beloved by x1 (= selpa\'i for reordered places)]; (cf. cinmo, xebni, nelci, djica, sinma, pluka, kurji, pendo, speni)', 'def' => 'x1 loves/feels strong affectionate devotion towards x2 (object/state)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'love', 'rafsi' => [ 'pam', 'pa\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'prami', 'unknown2' => '115', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '[also lower; x3 is generally some defined distance above a zero point/baseline, or is that baseline itself]; (cf. cnita, galtu, gapru, farna, loldi)', 'def' => 'x1 is low/down/downward in frame of reference x2 as compared with baseline/standard height x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'low', 'rafsi' => [ 'diz', 'dzi' ], 'gismu' => 'dizlo', 'unknown2' => '91', 'unknown1' => '2d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cunso, mabla, zabna)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/property) is determined by the luck/fortune of x2; (note mabla/zabna not implied)', 'origin' => '\'fortune\'', 'shortdef' => 'luck', 'rafsi' => [ 'fun', 'fu\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'funca', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. plini, solri, terdi, mluni)', 'def' => 'x1 is Earth\'s moon (default); x1 is a major natural satellite/moon of planet x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'lunar', 'rafsi' => [ 'lur' ], 'gismu' => 'lunra', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => 'am' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is pulmonary]; (cf. pambe, vasxu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the lung [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: breathing/respiratory apparatus/bellows]', 'origin' => '\'pulmonary\'', 'shortdef' => 'lung', 'gismu' => 'fepri', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '[also machinery/mechanism; a machine is initiated/triggered by an agent/force, but thereafter performs its function automatically; if self-directed, (a minji is an) entity (= zukte)]; (cf. cabra, matra, tutci, zukte, pilno, skami)', 'def' => 'x1 is a machine for use/function x2; [automated apparatus, without direct function control]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'machine', 'rafsi' => [ 'mi\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'minji', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => '7g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, zirpu)', 'def' => 'x1 is magenta/fuchsia/purplish-red [color adjective]', 'origin' => '\'fuchsin\'', 'shortdef' => 'magenta', 'rafsi' => [ 'nuk' ], 'gismu' => 'nukni', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. krici, manci)', 'def' => 'x1 is magic/supernatural/sorcery/witchcraft/wizardry to x2, performed by person/force/deity x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'magic', 'rafsi' => [ 'maf' ], 'gismu' => 'makfa', 'unknown2' => '50', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. dikca, trina, xlura)', 'def' => 'x1 is magnetic [adjective] producing magnetic field x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'magnet', 'rafsi' => [ 'mak' ], 'gismu' => 'maksi', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also x4 post office, mailbox]; (cf. benji [in which the medium need not be a 3rd party service/system, and x2 need not consist of discrete units], notci, xatra, tcana)', 'def' => 'x1 mails/posts [transfer via intermediary service] x2 to x3 from x4 by carrier/network/system x5', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mail', 'rafsi' => [ 'mri' ], 'gismu' => 'mrilu', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '4i' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gurni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of maize/corn [grain] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'maize', 'rafsi' => [ 'zmu' ], 'gismu' => 'zumri', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '[should not be used to express causation]; (cf. cupra, larcu, rutni, finti, gundi)', 'def' => 'x1 makes/assembles/builds/manufactures/creates x2 out of materials/parts/components x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'make', 'rafsi' => [ 'zba' ], 'gismu' => 'zbasu', 'unknown2' => '217', 'unknown1' => '7f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. meljo, bindo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Malay-Indonesian common language/culture in aspect x2', 'origin' => '\'Bahasa\'', 'shortdef' => 'Malay-Indonesian', 'gismu' => 'baxso', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. baxso, bindo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Malaysian/Malay culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Malaysian', 'rafsi' => [ 'mej' ], 'gismu' => 'meljo', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. fetsi, bersa)', 'def' => 'x1 is a male/buck of species x2 evidencing masculine trait(s) x3 (ka); x1 is masculine', 'origin' => '\'masculine\'', 'shortdef' => 'male', 'rafsi' => [ 'nak' ], 'gismu' => 'nakni', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. danlu, ladru, tatru, ractu, xanto, xarju)', 'def' => 'x1 is a mammal/\'animal\'/beast of species x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mammal', 'rafsi' => [ 'mab' ], 'gismu' => 'mabru', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[word dispreferred in metaphor/example as sexist; (use remna or prenu)]; (cf. ninmu, remna, prenu, makcu, nanla, bersa)', 'def' => 'x1 is a man/men; x1 is a male humanoid person [not necessarily adult]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'man', 'rafsi' => [ 'nau ' ], 'gismu' => 'nanmu', 'unknown2' => '332', 'unknown1' => '1k' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. zmiku, jitro)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/action/process) is manual [not automatic] in function x2 under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'manual', 'rafsi' => [ 'cnu' ], 'gismu' => 'macnu', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '7g' }, { 'notes' => '[ba\'armo\'a for a pattern of marks]; (cf. sinxa, pixra, se ciska, se prina)', 'def' => 'x1(s) is a/are mark(s)/spot(s) on x2 of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mark', 'rafsi' => [ 'ba\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'barna', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also: mall, marketplace, shopping center, cooperative, bazaar, trading post, mart; the concept is the function of selling/exchanging coupled with a location, and is more oriented to the larger concept of marketplace than the stalls/shops that comprise it, though it does not exclude the latter individual shops (= zaisle); x3 may include both owners/proprietors and customers in some markets, but in most contexts refers only to the operators]; (cf. vecnu, canja, dinju, banxa)', 'def' => 'x1 is a market/store/exchange/shop(s) selling/trading (for) x2, operated by/with participants x3', 'origin' => '\'mart\'', 'shortdef' => 'market', 'rafsi' => [ 'zac', 'zai ' ], 'gismu' => 'zarci', 'unknown2' => '290', 'unknown1' => '3m' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. prami, gletu)', 'def' => 'x1 is married to x2; x1 is a spouse of x2 under law/custom/tradition/system/convention x3', 'origin' => '\'spouse\'', 'shortdef' => 'married', 'rafsi' => [ 'spe' ], 'gismu' => 'speni', 'unknown2' => '92', 'unknown1' => '9a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. daspo, pesxu, zalvi, bapli)', 'def' => 'x1 [force] mashes/crushes/squashes/smashes x2 into pulp/mash/crumbs/deformed mass x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mash', 'rafsi' => [ 'max' ], 'gismu' => 'marxa', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also mattress = (kicymatci)]; (cf. kicne, tapla, karda, ckana)', 'def' => 'x1 is a mat/pad/mattress/pallet [flat, soft, dense form] of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mat', 'gismu' => 'matci', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. fagri, jelca)', 'def' => 'x1 is a match [incendiary device] made of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'match', 'gismu' => 'sacki', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is physical (one sense)/material]; (cf. morna, mucti, nejni, tarmi, dacti)', 'def' => 'x1 is material/stuff/matter of type/composition including x2 in shape/form x3', 'origin' => '\'matter\'', 'shortdef' => 'material', 'rafsi' => [ 'maj', 'mai ' ], 'gismu' => 'marji', 'unknown2' => '29', 'unknown1' => '6b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mekso)', 'def' => 'x1 is a mathematics of type/describing x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mathematics', 'gismu' => 'cmaci', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cifnu, ninmu, verba, banro, farvi, nanmu)', 'def' => 'x1 is mature/ripe/fully-grown/adult in development-quality x2 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mature', 'rafsi' => [ 'ma\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'makcu', 'unknown2' => '18', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 is a course/dish of meal x1 (= selsai for reordered places)]; (cf. barja, stasu, gusta, sanso)', 'def' => 'x1 (mass) is a meal composed of dishes including x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'meal', 'rafsi' => [ 'sai ' ], 'gismu' => 'sanmi', 'unknown2' => '84', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '[referential meaning (=selsni, snismu)]; (cf. jimpe, sinxa, valsi, tanru, gismu, lujvo, cmavo, jufra)', 'def' => 'x1 is a meaning/interpretation of x2 recognized/seen/accepted by x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'meaning', 'rafsi' => [ 'mun', 'smu' ], 'gismu' => 'smuni', 'unknown2' => '135', 'unknown1' => '3j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kancu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, ckilu, gradu, satci, centi, cimde, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, kramu, litce, manri, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) measures/evaluates x2 [quantity] as x3 units on scale x4 (si\'o), with accuracy x5', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'measure', 'rafsi' => [ 'mre' ], 'gismu' => 'merli', 'unknown2' => '14', 'unknown1' => 'al' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sluji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains meat/flesh from source/animal x2', 'origin' => '\'flesh\'', 'shortdef' => 'meat', 'rafsi' => [ 'rec', 're\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'rectu', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jorne, jikca, pencu)', 'def' => 'x1 meets/encounters x2 at/in location x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'meet', 'rafsi' => [ 'pen', 'pe\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'penmi', 'unknown2' => '125', 'unknown1' => '1g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grute)', 'def' => 'x1 is a melon/squash [fruit/plant] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'melon', 'rafsi' => [ 'guz', 'zme' ], 'gismu' => 'guzme', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 runs (= rumfle)]; (cf. dunja, febvi, lunsa, bisli)', 'def' => 'x1 melts [becomes liquid from solid state] at temperature x2 and pressure x3', 'origin' => '\'runny\'', 'shortdef' => 'melt', 'rafsi' => [ 'rum' ], 'gismu' => 'runme', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members; x2 is normally marked by la\'i/le\'i/lo\'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership]; (cf. ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, lanzu, liste)', 'def' => 'x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'member', 'rafsi' => [ 'mim', 'cmi' ], 'gismu' => 'cmima', 'unknown2' => '117', 'unknown1' => '7c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jinme)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/made of mercury/quicksilver; [metaphor: fluid metal; temperature]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mercury', 'rafsi' => [ 'mag' ], 'gismu' => 'margu', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ag' }, { 'notes' => '[emphasis on brevity, single or identifiable subject (contrast with xatra: the emphasis in notci is on the single or cohesively focused subject, while the audience is less defined - indeed only an \'intended\' audience. xatra need not have a single or focussed subject - its corresponding place is for \'content\'); reminder/memo/note (= mojnoi)]; (cf. xatra, nuzba, mrilu, morji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a message/notice/memorandum about subject x2 from author x3 to intended audience x4', 'origin' => '\'note\'', 'shortdef' => 'message', 'rafsi' => [ 'not', 'noi ' ], 'gismu' => 'notci', 'unknown2' => '78', 'unknown1' => '4i' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is metallic]; (cf. cnisa, gasta, lastu, margu, nikle, ransu, romge, sodna, tinci, tirse, tunka, zinki, kunra, sodva)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of made of metal of composition including x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'metal', 'rafsi' => [ 'jim' ], 'gismu' => 'jinme', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 meter(s) [metric unit] in length (default 1) measured in direction x3 by standard x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'meter', 'rafsi' => [ 'tre' ], 'gismu' => 'mitre', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'af' }, { 'notes' => '[also practice/way/mode; style/manner/conduct (= tratadji); pattern (= montadji, tadjymo\'a, or platadji, tadjypla)]; (cf. ciste, pruce, zukte, pluta, cmavo list tai)', 'def' => 'x1 [process] is a method/technique/approach/means for doing x2 (event) under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'method', 'gismu' => 'tadji', 'unknown2' => '37', 'unknown1' => '8f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmaci, dilcu, fancu, frinu, jalge, namcu, parbi, pilji)', 'def' => 'x1 [quantifier/expression] is a mathematical expression interpreted under rules/convention x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'MEX', 'rafsi' => [ 'mek', 'me\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'mekso', 'unknown2' => '88', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xispo, bemro, spano)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Mexican culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Mexican', 'rafsi' => [ 'mex' ], 'gismu' => 'mexno', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lanxe, jbini, nutli, snuji, milxe, denmi, ralju)', 'def' => 'x1 is in/at the middle/center/midpoint/[is a focus] of x2; (adjective:) x1 is central', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'middle', 'rafsi' => [ 'mij' ], 'gismu' => 'midju', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '2d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mutce, traji, kandi, ruble, midju, nutli, ralci, traji)', 'def' => 'x1 is mild/non-extreme/gentle/middling/somewhat in property x2 (ka); x1 is not very x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mild', 'rafsi' => [ 'mli' ], 'gismu' => 'milxe', 'unknown2' => '58', 'unknown1' => '6k' }, { 'notes' => '(additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. mitre, kilto, clani, ganra, condi, rotsu, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, bunda, kramu)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 (default 1) long local distance unit(s) [non-metric], x3 subunits, standard x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mile', 'gismu' => 'minli', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'al' }, { 'notes' => '[also paramilitary; soldier in its broadest sense - not limited to those trained/organized as part of an army to defend a state (= bilpre)]; (cf. jenmi for a military force, sonci, ganzu, pulji)', 'def' => 'x1 is military/regimented/is strongly organized/prepared by system x2 for purpose x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'military', 'rafsi' => [ 'bil' ], 'gismu' => 'bilni', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lanbi, mabru, tatru, cirla, kruji)', 'def' => 'x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of milk from source x2; (adjective:) x1 is lactic/dairy', 'origin' => '\'lactic\'', 'shortdef' => 'milk', 'rafsi' => [ 'lad' ], 'gismu' => 'ladru', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '2j' }, { 'notes' => '[(unlike fanri,) need not produce a product; grain mill (= grumlo), grinding mill (= zalmlo, zalmlotci, zalmloca\'a)]; (cf. gasta, gurni, tirse, fanri, zalvi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a mill/foundry/industrial plant/[assembly line] performing process x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mill', 'rafsi' => [ 'mlo' ], 'gismu' => 'molki', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ap' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gurni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of millet [grain] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'millet', 'gismu' => 'cunmi', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is mental/psychological/a mental phenomenon; multiple personalities (= so\'i menli)]; (cf. besna, morji, mucti, pensi, sanji, xanri, sevzi, xadni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a mind/intellect/psyche/mentality/[consciousness] of body x2', 'origin' => '\'mental\'', 'shortdef' => 'mind', 'rafsi' => [ 'men' ], 'gismu' => 'menli', 'unknown2' => '26', 'unknown1' => '3l' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jinme, bisli, rokci, jemna)', 'def' => 'x1 is/contains/is made from a mineral/ore of type/metal x2 mined from location/lode/mine x3', 'origin' => '\'mined\'', 'shortdef' => 'mineral', 'rafsi' => [ 'kun' ], 'gismu' => 'kunra', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. junla, cacra, snidu, tcika)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 minutes in duration (default is 1 minute) by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'minute', 'rafsi' => [ 'met', 'me\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'mentu', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. klesi, girzu, frica, simsa, panra)', 'def' => 'x1 (set/mass/ind.) is miscellaneous/various/assorted in property x2 (ka)', 'origin' => '\'various\'', 'shortdef' => 'miscellaneous', 'gismu' => 'vrici', 'unknown2' => '46', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 mingles/mixes/blends into x1; x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component/element of x1 (= selxre for reordered places)]; (cf. salta, te runta, stasu, jicla, sanso)', 'def' => 'x1 (mass) is a mixture/blend/colloid/commingling with ingredients including x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mixture', 'rafsi' => [ 'mix', 'xre' ], 'gismu' => 'mixre', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '[also shriek, most animal sounds, e.g. bark, cackle, meow, neigh, moo, honk, baa, crow] (cf. krixa, bacru, cusku, cortu)', 'def' => 'x1 utters moan/groan/howl/scream [non-linguistic utterance] x2 expressing x3 (property)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'moan', 'rafsi' => [ 'cmo', 'co\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'cmoni', 'unknown2' => '32', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '[agentive, resultative change]; (cf. stika for non-resultative, binxo for not-necessarily agentive change, cenba for non-resultative change; zasni)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) modifies/alters/changes/transforms/converts x2 into x3', 'origin' => '\'alter\'', 'shortdef' => 'modify', 'rafsi' => [ 'gaf', 'ga\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'galfi', 'unknown2' => '97', 'unknown1' => '2c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. litki, lunsa, sudga)', 'def' => 'x1 is moist/wet/damp with liquid x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'moist', 'rafsi' => [ 'cim' ], 'gismu' => 'cilmo', 'unknown2' => '53', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. clika)', 'def' => 'x1 is a mold/fungus/mushrooms/truffles of species/strain x2 parasitic/growing on x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mold', 'rafsi' => [ 'led' ], 'gismu' => 'mledi', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 mole(s) [metric unit] in substance (default is 1) by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mole', 'rafsi' => [ 'mo\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'molro', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'af' }, { 'notes' => '[\'currency\' sometimes is restricted to paper money (= pledi\'i)]; (cf. fepni, jdima, rupnu, sicni, canja, rupnu)', 'def' => 'x1 is money/currency issued by x2; (adjective:) x1 is financial/monetary/pecuniary/fiscal', 'origin' => '\'dinero\'', 'shortdef' => 'money', 'rafsi' => [ 'din', 'di\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'jdini', 'unknown2' => '44', 'unknown1' => '5e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mabru, danlu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a monkey/ape/simian/baboon/chimpanzee of species/breed x2', 'origin' => '\'simian\'', 'shortdef' => 'monkey', 'gismu' => 'smani', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[this month (= cabma\'i); next month (= bavla\'ima\'i); last month (= prula\'ima\'i)]; (cf. detri, djedi, jeftu, nanca)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 months in duration (default is 1 month) by month standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'month', 'rafsi' => [ 'ma\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'masti', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 will (typically) be an abstract, a rule or rules of behavior; also principles; also conscience (= sezmarde)]; (cf. palci, vrude, lijda, manri, javni, tarti, zekri)', 'def' => 'x1 are the ethics/morals/moral standards/ethical standards of x2 (ind./mass) about situation x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'morals', 'rafsi' => [ 'mad' ], 'gismu' => 'marde', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also positive (= nonmau)]; (cf. cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji)', 'def' => 'x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'more', 'rafsi' => [ 'zma', 'mau ' ], 'gismu' => 'zmadu', 'unknown2' => '248', 'unknown1' => '6k' }, { 'notes' => '[this morning (= cabdeicerni); tomorrow morning (= bavlamcerni); yesterday morning (= prulamcerni, prulamdeicerni)](cf. vanci, murse, tcika)', 'def' => 'x1 is a morning [dawn until after typical start-of-work for locale] of day x2 at location x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'morning', 'rafsi' => [ 'cer' ], 'gismu' => 'cerni', 'unknown2' => '35', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. friko, xrabo, muslo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Moroccan culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Moroccan', 'rafsi' => [ 'mor' ], 'gismu' => 'morko', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mledi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a moss/lichen of species/strain x2 growing on x3; (adjective:) x1 is mossy', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mossy', 'gismu' => 'clika', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. patfu, sovda, rirni, rorci, tarbi, famti, bersa, jbena)', 'def' => 'x1 is a mother of x2; x1 bears/mothers/acts maternally toward x2; [not necessarily biological]', 'origin' => '\'mom\'', 'shortdef' => 'mother', 'rafsi' => [ 'mam' ], 'gismu' => 'mamta', 'unknown2' => '128', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '[also; x3 is motivated to bring about result/goal/objective x2 by x1 (= termu\'i for reordered places); (note that \'under conditions\' BAI may apply and be appropriately added to the main predicate level or within the x2 action level)]; (cf. cmavo list mu\'i, nibli, te zukte - generally better for \'goal\', se jalge, krinu, rinka, ciksi, djica, xlura)', 'def' => 'x1 (action/event/state) motivates/is a motive/incentive for action/event x2, per volition of x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'motive', 'rafsi' => [ 'muk', 'mu\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'mukti', 'unknown2' => '70', 'unknown1' => '6a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. marce, minji, carce)', 'def' => 'x1 is a motor/engine, driving/propelling/providing power to x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'motor', 'gismu' => 'matra', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. punli, derxi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a mountain/hill/mound/[rise]/[peak]/[summit]/[highlands] projecting from land mass x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mountain', 'rafsi' => [ 'ma\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'cmana', 'unknown2' => '85', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ratcu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a mouse of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mouse', 'gismu' => 'smacu', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is oral]; (cf. ctebi, denci, tance)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the mouth/oral cavity [body-part] of x2; (metaphor: entrance/intake for consumption)', 'origin' => '\'oral\'', 'shortdef' => 'mouth', 'rafsi' => [ 'mol', 'mo\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'moklu', 'unknown2' => '14', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '[also mobile (= comymu\'u, for the non-specific opposite of immobile); after a muvdu, object is alienated from/no longer at origin (unless physically returned there, per litru or slilu); agentive move (= muvgau, muvzu\'e), non-agentive transitive move (= muvri\'a), self-propelled (= sezmuvgau), motion of a part of the object (= pagmu\'u), having a moving part (= muvypau, muvyselpau); apparent motion (= mlumu\'u)]; (cf. rinci, klama (which differs in that the means of motion is explicit), litru, cliva, fatri; dunda, benji for agentive movement that does not necessarily imply alienation from origin, preja for similar movement with no agent implied, bevri, vimcu)', 'def' => 'x1 (object) moves to destination/receiver x2 [away] from origin x3 over path/route x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'move', 'rafsi' => [ 'muv', 'mu\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'muvdu', 'unknown2' => '59', 'unknown1' => '2b' }, { 'notes' => '[also very, pretty, a lot, immoderate/immoderately, intense, quite, extremely]; (cf. milxe, traji, banli, carmi, nutli, traji)', 'def' => 'x1 is much/extreme in property x2 (ka), towards x3 extreme/direction; x1 is, in x2, very x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'much', 'rafsi' => [ 'tce' ], 'gismu' => 'mutce', 'unknown2' => '311', 'unknown1' => '6k' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mekso, sumji, rapli, jalge)', 'def' => 'x1 is the product/total/result of factors/multiplicands (x2 and x3) x2 multiplied by x3', 'origin' => '\'multiply\'', 'shortdef' => 'multiply', 'rafsi' => [ 'pi\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'pilji', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1/x2/x3 is muscular (different senses)]; (cf. rectu, xadni, zajba)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the muscle [body-part] controlling x2, of body x3; [metaphor: tools of physical power]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'muscle', 'rafsi' => [ 'slu' ], 'gismu' => 'sluji', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. citri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a museum for preserving [and possibly exhibiting] x2 at location x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'museum', 'rafsi' => [ 'muz' ], 'gismu' => 'muzga', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => 'ap' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 event may be person playing instrument, singing, musical source operating/vibrating, etc.; instrument (= zgica\'a); play an instrument (= zgica\'apli, zgiterca\'a, selzgigau, selzgizu\'e); song (= sagzgi, selsa\'a); voice, as used musically (= zgivo\'a); composed music (= finzgi)]; (cf. damri, dansu, flani, janbe, jgita, pipno, rilti, tabra, tonga, xagri, siclu)', 'def' => 'x1 is music performed/produced by x2 (event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'music', 'rafsi' => [ 'zgi', 'gi\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'zgike', 'unknown2' => '55', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '[members of x1 do to each other/one another x2, and in return do x2; x1 (plural set) do the same thing x2 to each other]; (cf. kampu, mintu)', 'def' => 'x1 (set) has members who mutually/reciprocally x2 (event [x1 should be reflexive in 1+ sumti])', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'mutual', 'rafsi' => [ 'sim', 'si\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'simxu', 'unknown2' => '49', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is mythical/fairy tale; used adjectivally for non-humanoid creatures (= ramda\'u) of story/myth/legend/religion, e.g. dragon; fairy tale (= veryranmi)]; (cf. lijda, lisri, crida)', 'def' => 'x1 is a myth/legend, a culturally significant story about x2 in mythos x3 of culture x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'myth', 'rafsi' => [ 'ram' ], 'gismu' => 'ranmi', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => 'ac' }, { 'notes' => '(x2 also can be ni abstraction); (cf. pijne, lasna)', 'def' => 'x1 is a nail/tack [pointed driven/frictional fastener] of type/size x2 (ka), made of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'nail', 'rafsi' => [ 'di\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'dinko', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x2 is called x1 by x3 (= selcme for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list me\'e, gismu, tcita, valsi, judri)', 'def' => 'x1 (quoted word(s)) is a/the name/title/tag of x2 to/used-by namer/name-user x3 (person)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'name', 'rafsi' => [ 'cme', 'me\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'cmene', 'unknown2' => '265', 'unknown1' => '1b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. caxno, cinla, tordu, tagji, cinla, cmalu)', 'def' => 'x1 is narrow in dimension x2 [2nd most significant dimension] by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'narrow', 'rafsi' => [ 'jak' ], 'gismu' => 'jarki', 'unknown2' => '37', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jecta, kulnu, lanzu, gugde, bangu, cecmu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a nation/ethnic group of peoples x2; [people sharing a history/culture]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'nation', 'rafsi' => [ 'nat', 'nai ' ], 'gismu' => 'natmi', 'unknown2' => '42', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. rutni, jinzi, nurma, stati)', 'def' => 'x1 is natural/spontaneous/instinctive, not [consciously] caused by person(s)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'natural', 'rafsi' => [ 'rar' ], 'gismu' => 'rarna', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. darno, nenri, vanbi, jbini, lamji, zvati, cpana, bartu, diklo, stuzi)', 'def' => 'x1 is near/close to/approximates x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'near', 'rafsi' => [ 'jbi' ], 'gismu' => 'jibni', 'unknown2' => '95', 'unknown1' => '2d' }, { 'notes' => '[also factually necessary, necessity, prerequisite, condition, precondition]; (cf. cmavo list sau, nitcu)', 'def' => 'x1 (abstract) is necessary/required for continuing state/process x2 under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'necessary', 'rafsi' => [ 'sa\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'sarcu', 'unknown2' => '57', 'unknown1' => '3m' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. natfe, rinka, mukti, krinu, cmavo list ni\'i, jalge, logji)', 'def' => 'x1 logically necessitates/entails/implies action/event/state x2 under rules/logic system x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'necessitate', 'rafsi' => [ 'nib', 'ni\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'nibli', 'unknown2' => '90', 'unknown1' => '6a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. galxe, cutne)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the neck [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: a relatively narrow point]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'neck', 'rafsi' => [ 'neb', 'ne\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'cnebo', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '[no implication of lack]; (cf. banzu, cidja, claxu, pindi, xebni, sarcu, lacri, djica, taske, xagji)', 'def' => 'x1 needs/requires/is dependent on/[wants] necessity x2 for purpose/action/stage of process x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'need', 'rafsi' => [ 'tcu' ], 'gismu' => 'nitcu', 'unknown2' => '79', 'unknown1' => '3m' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. konju, pijne, jipno, kinli)', 'def' => 'x1 is a needle [pointed shape/form, not tool] of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'needle', 'rafsi' => [ 'jes' ], 'gismu' => 'jesni', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[default neon] (cf. xukmi, gapci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of inert gas of type x2 [neon/argon/radon/xenon]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'neon', 'gismu' => 'navni', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'ag' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is neural]; (cf. ve benji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a nerve/neuron [body-part] of x2; [metaphor: information/control network connection]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'nerve', 'rafsi' => [ 'nir' ], 'gismu' => 'nirna', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xalni, terpa, raktu)', 'def' => 'x1 is nervous/anxious about x2 (abstraction) under conditions x3', 'origin' => '\'anxious\'', 'shortdef' => 'nervous', 'gismu' => 'xanka', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '[home (= tercnizda), house (constructed building) (= zdadi\'u)]; (cf. dinju, ginka, kumfa, se xabju)', 'def' => 'x1 is a nest/house/lair/den/[home] of/for x2', 'origin' => '\'den\'', 'shortdef' => 'nest', 'rafsi' => [ 'zda' ], 'gismu' => 'zdani', 'unknown2' => '280', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '[also sieve]; (cf. komcu, ciste, jgena)', 'def' => 'x1 is a net/filter allowing passage of x2, prohibiting passage of x3, netting properties x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'net', 'rafsi' => [ 'ju\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'julne', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[also x2 dispute/struggle (though x2 is not limited to disagreements, which is merely one manifestation of scalar or distributed values in which there is a medial position)]; (cf. midju, lanxe, milxe, mutce, cmavo list no\'e)', 'def' => 'x1 is neutral/not taking sides/medial/not towards any extreme on scale/in dissension x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'neutral', 'rafsi' => [ 'nul', 'nu\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'nutli', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nuzba, slabu, citno, se djuno)', 'def' => 'x1 is new/unfamiliar/novel to observer x2 in feature x3 (ka) by standard x4; x1 is a novelty', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'new', 'rafsi' => [ 'nin', 'ni\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'cnino', 'unknown2' => '126', 'unknown1' => '2c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cnino, notci)', 'def' => 'x1 (du\'u) is news/tidings/new information about subject x2 from source x3, to observer x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'news', 'rafsi' => [ 'nuz' ], 'gismu' => 'nuzba', 'unknown2' => '83', 'unknown1' => '4i' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jinme)', 'def' => 'x1 is made of/contains/is a quantity of nickel/other metal resistant to oxidation', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'nickel', 'rafsi' => [ 'nik' ], 'gismu' => 'nikle', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '5e' }, { 'notes' => '[tonight (= cabycte); tomorrow night (= bavlamcte, even when tonight is still in the future); last night (= prulamcte)]; (cf. donri, djedi, tcika)', 'def' => 'x1 is a nighttime of day x2 at location x3; (adjective:) x1 is at night/nocturnal', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'night', 'rafsi' => [ 'cte' ], 'gismu' => 'nicte', 'unknown2' => '58', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is nitric/nitrous]; (cf. vacri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of nitrogen/ammonia/nitrates', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'nitrogen', 'gismu' => 'trano', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ag' }, { 'notes' => '[also upper-class; high/low, upper/lower are poor Lojban metaphors; note x2 standard applies when the title/nobility is not recognized culture/society wide; this would include self-assumed titles]; (cf. banli)', 'def' => 'x1 is noble/aristocratic/elite/high-born/titled in/under culture/society/standard x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'noble', 'rafsi' => [ 'nol', 'no\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'nobli', 'unknown2' => '47', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sance, cladu, kerlo, smaji, tirna, siclu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a noise/din/clamor [sensory input without useful information] to x2 via sensory channel x3', 'origin' => '\'clamor\'', 'shortdef' => 'noise', 'rafsi' => [ 'sav', 'vru' ], 'gismu' => 'savru', 'unknown2' => '72', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '[also mean, normal, usual; (x3 specifies the complete set)]; (cf. tcaci, fadni, kampu, lakne, tarti, rirci)', 'def' => 'x1 [value] is a norm/average in property/amount x2 (ka/ni) among x3(s) (set) by standard x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'norm', 'rafsi' => [ 'na\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'cnano', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. snanu, stici, stuna, farna)', 'def' => 'x1 is to the north/northern side [right-hand-rule pole] of x2 according to frame of reference x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'north', 'rafsi' => [ 'ber' ], 'gismu' => 'berti', 'unknown2' => '91', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. merko, kadno, xispo, mexno)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects North American culture/nationality/geography in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'North American', 'rafsi' => [ 'bem', 'be\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'bemro', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) nasal]; (cf. degji, panci, sumne, tance)', 'def' => 'x1 is the nose [body-part] of x2 with nostril(s)/nasal passage(s) x3; [metaphor: protrusion]', 'origin' => '\'nasal\'', 'shortdef' => 'nose', 'rafsi' => [ 'naz', 'zbi' ], 'gismu' => 'nazbi', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '1c' }, { 'notes' => '[(default x2 is the present resulting in:) x1 is now; time relationship only, \'aorist\' claiming simultaneity does not mean one event does not extend into the past or future of the other] (cf. zvati, balvi, purci, cmavo list ca, cmavo list ca\'a)', 'def' => 'x1 is current at/in the present of/during/concurrent/simultaneous with x2 in time', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'now', 'rafsi' => [ 'cab' ], 'gismu' => 'cabna', 'unknown2' => '69', 'unknown1' => '4a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lerfu, mekso, klani)', 'def' => 'x1 (li) is a number/quantifier/digit/value/figure (noun); refers to the value and not the symbol', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'number', 'rafsi' => [ 'nac', 'na\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'namcu', 'unknown2' => '35', 'unknown1' => '3a' }, { 'notes' => '[also x4 nucleus, center (= velnarge for place reordering)]; (cf. grute, stagi, jbari, midju)', 'def' => 'x1 is a nut [body-part: hard-shelled fruit] from plant/species x2 with shell x3 and kernel x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'nut', 'rafsi' => [ 'nag' ], 'gismu' => 'narge', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tricu)', 'def' => 'x1 is an oak, a type of tree of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'oak', 'gismu' => 'cindu', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gurni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of oats [grain] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'oats', 'rafsi' => [ 'mav' ], 'gismu' => 'mavji', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. minde, lacri, javni, flalu, zekri)', 'def' => 'x1 obeys/follows the command/rule x2 made by x3; (adjective:) x1 is obedient', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'obey', 'rafsi' => [ 'tib' ], 'gismu' => 'tinbe', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. marji, xanri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a material object enduring in space-time; x1 is a thing', 'origin' => '\'thing\'', 'shortdef' => 'object', 'rafsi' => [ 'dai ' ], 'gismu' => 'dacti', 'unknown2' => '44', 'unknown1' => '1f' }, { 'notes' => '[also x3 frame of reference]; (cf. zifre, fuzme)', 'def' => 'x1 is bound/obliged to/has the duty to do/be x2 in/by standard/agreement x3; x1 must do x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'obliged', 'rafsi' => [ 'big' ], 'gismu' => 'bilga', 'unknown2' => '34', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[behold/watch/gaze (= vi\'azga); guard/watchman/sentinel (= zgaku\'i, jdeku\'i)]; (cf. cmavo list ga\'a, ganse, viska, catlu, tirna, pencu, sumne, kurji, canci, catlu, jarco, lanli, pinka, simlu)', 'def' => 'x1 observes/[notices]/watches/beholds x2 using senses/means x3 under conditions x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'observe', 'rafsi' => [ 'zga' ], 'gismu' => 'zgana', 'unknown2' => '189', 'unknown1' => '6m' }, { 'notes' => '[an undetected emitter is odorless to the observer]; (cf. nazbi, sumne, cpina)', 'def' => 'x1 is an odor/fragrance/scent/smell emitted by x2 and detected by observer/sensor x3', 'origin' => '\'fragrance\'', 'shortdef' => 'odor', 'rafsi' => [ 'pan' ], 'gismu' => 'panci', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '[(x4 may be nu canja, nu pleji, etc.; an unconditional offering has the \'condition\' of acceptance); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posfriti, posyselfriti for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, rinsa, vecnu, jdima, cnemu, pleji, vitke)', 'def' => 'x1 offers/proffers x2 [offering] to x3 with conditions x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'offer', 'rafsi' => [ 'fit' ], 'gismu' => 'friti', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jibri, gunka)', 'def' => 'x1 is an office/bureau/work-place of worker x2 at location x3', 'origin' => '\'bureau\'', 'shortdef' => 'office', 'rafsi' => [ 'bij' ], 'gismu' => 'briju', 'unknown2' => '54', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grute, verba, bersa, tixnu, se rorci, patfu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a [biological] offspring/child/kid/hybrid of parent(s) x2; (adjective:) x1 is filial', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'offspring', 'rafsi' => [ 'paz' ], 'gismu' => 'panzi', 'unknown2' => '23', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. rirci, fadni, kampu, rapli, krefu, lakne, cmavo list piso\'iroi and similar compounds)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) often/frequently/commonly/customarily occurs/recurs by standard x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'often', 'rafsi' => [ 'caf' ], 'gismu' => 'cafne', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. stagi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains onions/scallions of type/cultivar x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'onion', 'gismu' => 'sluni', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '[as a doorway]; (cf. ganlo, pagre, canko, vorme)', 'def' => 'x1 (portal/passage/entrance-way) is open/ajar/not shut permitting passage/access to x2 by x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'open', 'rafsi' => [ 'kar' ], 'gismu' => 'kalri', 'unknown2' => '90', 'unknown1' => '1e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gidva, xlura, pilno, tutci, jitro, gunka)', 'def' => 'x1 operates/drives/runs x2 [apparatus/machine] with goal/objective/use/end/function x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'operate', 'rafsi' => [ 'saz' ], 'gismu' => 'sazri', 'unknown2' => '47', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[words usable for epistemology typically have a du\'u place] (cf. cmavo list pe\'i, ciksi, jijnu, nabmi, pensi, senpi, sidbo, birti, pinka)', 'def' => 'x1 thinks/opines x2 [opinion] (du\'u) is true about subject/issue x3 on grounds x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'opine', 'rafsi' => [ 'jiv', 'ji\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'jinvi', 'unknown2' => '161', 'unknown1' => '3l' }, { 'notes' => '[also resists]; (cf. bandu, bradi, darlu, damba, jivna, lanxe, rivbi, sarji, xarnu)', 'def' => 'x1 opposes/balances/contends against opponent(s) x2 (person/force ind./mass) about x3 (abstract)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'oppose', 'rafsi' => [ 'fap', 'pro' ], 'gismu' => 'fapro', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ranxi, ragve, fatne)', 'def' => 'x1 is polar opposite from/contrary to x2 in property/on scale x3 (property/si\'o)', 'origin' => '\'contrary\'', 'shortdef' => 'opposite', 'rafsi' => [ 'dut' ], 'gismu' => 'dukti', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => '3j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, xunre, pelxu, solji)', 'def' => 'x1 is orange [color adjective]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'orange', 'rafsi' => [ 'naj' ], 'gismu' => 'narju', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cunso, kalsa)', 'def' => 'x1 is orderly/neat/ordered in property/quantity x2 (ka/ni)', 'origin' => '\'neat\'', 'shortdef' => 'orderly', 'rafsi' => [ 'nic' ], 'gismu' => 'cnici', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x2 is a normal/common/ordinary/typical property among set x3 (= selterfadni for reordered places); also regular, (mabla forms:) banal, trite, vulgar; (x3 is complete set)]; (cf. cafne, rirci, kampu, lakne, tcaci, cnano)', 'def' => 'x1 [member] is ordinary/common/typical/usual in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ordinary', 'rafsi' => [ 'fad' ], 'gismu' => 'fadni', 'unknown2' => '14', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[also sweetmeat (= ragdja)] (cf. besna, livga)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the body organ [body-part] of body/species x2 performing function x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'organ', 'rafsi' => [ 'rag' ], 'gismu' => 'rango', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '[x3 is also a system; x4 could be merely a function which inherently serves to dictate the organizational structure of x3]; (cf. ciste, morna, stura, bilni, cabra)', 'def' => 'x1 organizes x2 [relative chaos] into x3 [ordered/organized result] by system/principle(s) x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'organize', 'rafsi' => [ 'gaz' ], 'gismu' => 'ganzu', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal (motion), rotates, revolves]; (cf. dikni, rilti, morna, desku, janbe, boxna)', 'def' => 'x1 oscillates at rate/frequency x2 through set/sequence-of-states x3 (complete specification)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'oscillate', 'rafsi' => [ 'sli' ], 'gismu' => 'slilu', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => 'ar' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mintu, frica)', 'def' => 'x1 isn\'t the-same-thing-as/is different-from/other-than x2 by standard x3; x1 is something else', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'other', 'rafsi' => [ 'dat' ], 'gismu' => 'drata', 'unknown2' => '351', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jibni, nenri, sruri, lamji, korbi, calku, vasru)', 'def' => 'x1 is on the outside of x2; x1 is exterior to x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'out', 'rafsi' => [ 'bar' ], 'gismu' => 'bartu', 'unknown2' => '82', 'unknown1' => '1e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. canlu, munje, terdi, tsani)', 'def' => 'x1 is outer space near/associated with celestial body/region x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'outer space', 'rafsi' => [ 'kes' ], 'gismu' => 'kensa', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'am' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nanba)', 'def' => 'x1 is an oven [enclosure that heats its contents] for baking/heating/drying x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'oven', 'rafsi' => [ 'tok' ], 'gismu' => 'toknu', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jbera, janta, zivle)', 'def' => 'x1 owes x2 in debt/obligation to creditor x3 in return for x4 [service, loan]; x1 is a debtor', 'origin' => '\'debt-or\'', 'shortdef' => 'owe', 'rafsi' => [ 'dej' ], 'gismu' => 'dejni', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jelca, vacri, vasxu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of oxygen (O); [metaphor: supporting life/combustion]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'oxygen', 'rafsi' => [ 'kij' ], 'gismu' => 'kijno', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ag' }, { 'notes' => '[numbered pages (as in a book) are the sides of a page (= paprysfe, paprysfelai); a pageful of text (= papryseltcidu, paprytcidylai)]; (cf. karni, pelji, prina, xatra, vreji, pezli, cukta, ciska)', 'def' => 'x1 is a [physical] page/leaf of book/document/bound mass of pages x2', 'origin' => '\'paper\'', 'shortdef' => 'page', 'gismu' => 'papri', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinmo, xrani)', 'def' => 'x1 hurts/feels pain/hurt at locus x2', 'origin' => '\'hurt\'', 'shortdef' => 'pain', 'rafsi' => [ 'cor', 'cro' ], 'gismu' => 'cortu', 'unknown2' => '41', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pixra, skari)', 'def' => 'x1 [material] is a paint of pigment/active substance x2, in a base of x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'paint', 'gismu' => 'cinta', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xurdo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Pakistani/Pashto culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Pakistani', 'rafsi' => [ 'kis' ], 'gismu' => 'kisto', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jordo, xebro)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Palestinian culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => '\'Philistine\'', 'shortdef' => 'Palestinian', 'rafsi' => [ 'fis' ], 'gismu' => 'filso', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[also bowl]; (cf. baktu, palne, palta, patxu, kabri for a bowl that is normally lifted for use, botpi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pan/basin/tub/sink, a shallow container for contents x2, of material/properties x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pan', 'rafsi' => [ 'tas' ], 'gismu' => 'tansi', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ckape, snura, terpa, xanka)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) is panicked by crisis x2 (event/state)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'panic', 'gismu' => 'xalni', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. taxfu, pastu, skaci)', 'def' => 'x1 are pants/trousers/slacks/leggings [legged garment] of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pants', 'rafsi' => [ 'pak' ], 'gismu' => 'palku', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '[sheet of paper (= plekarda if shape is important, plebo\'o)]; (cf. karni, papri, prina)', 'def' => 'x1 is paper from source x2', 'origin' => '\'page\'', 'shortdef' => 'paper', 'rafsi' => [ 'ple' ], 'gismu' => 'pelji', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is parallel to x2, x3 is the only difference between x1 and x2 (= terpanra for reordered places); x1 and x2 are alike/similar/[congruent]; a parallel involves extreme close similarity/correspondence across the entirety of the things being compared, generally involving multiple properties, with focus placed on one or a small number of differences]; (cf. cmavo list pa\'a, mintu, simsa, girzu, vrici)', 'def' => 'x1 parallels x2 differing only in property x3 (ka; jo\'u/fa\'u term) by standard/geometry x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'parallel', 'gismu' => 'panra', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. rorci, mamta, patfu, sidju, dzena, famti, verba, bersa)', 'def' => 'x1 is a parent of/raises/rears x2; x1 mentors/acts parental toward child/protege x2', 'origin' => '\'rear\'', 'shortdef' => 'parent', 'rafsi' => [ 'rir' ], 'gismu' => 'rirni', 'unknown2' => '33', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sorcu, zdile, klaji, purdi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a park/land reserve managed by community/polity/company x2 for purpose x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'park', 'gismu' => 'panka', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => 'ap' }, { 'notes' => '[partly (= selpau)]; (cf. cmavo list pa\'u, mulno, xadba, spisa, gunma, rafsi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a part/component/piece/portion/segment of x2 [where x2 is a whole/mass]; x2 is partly x1', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'part', 'rafsi' => [ 'pag', 'pau ' ], 'gismu' => 'pagbu', 'unknown2' => '131', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[passing through in both directions (= rolfargre, pagre ... .i so\'ivo\'ivo\'u (and vice versa))]; (cf. bitmu, denci, ganlo, kalri, vorme, pluta, canko, ragve)', 'def' => 'x1 passes through/penetrates barrier/medium/portal x2 to destination side x3 from origin side x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pass through', 'rafsi' => [ 'gre' ], 'gismu' => 'pagre', 'unknown2' => '60', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pikta, catni, curmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a passport issued to x2 (person) by authority x3 allowing x4 (activity)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'passport', 'rafsi' => [ 'jap' ], 'gismu' => 'jaspu', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[time ordering only (use lidne otherwise); aorist in that x1 may overlap in time with x2 as long as it starts before, x1 starts before x2 but is continuing during x2 (= cfaprucabna); non-aorist before, i.e. x1 is over/ended before x2 starts (= fampru), x1 is completed before x2 starts (= mulpru)]; (cf. lidne, balvi, cabna, farna)', 'def' => 'x1 is in the past of/earlier than/before x2 in time sequence; x1 is former; x2 is latter', 'origin' => '\'earlier\'', 'shortdef' => 'past', 'rafsi' => [ 'pur', 'pru' ], 'gismu' => 'purci', 'unknown2' => '59', 'unknown1' => '4a' }, { 'notes' => '[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification]; (cf. marxa, kliti, tarla)', 'def' => 'x1 is paste/pulp/dough/mash/mud/slurry [soft, smooth-textured, moist solid] of composition x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'paste', 'rafsi' => [ 'pex' ], 'gismu' => 'pesxu', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[x3 is a [model] for x1 (= termontai, or the more abstract = termonsi\'o); image (= gusmo\'a, nenmo\'a, dairmo\'a, selylenmo\'a, selmirmo\'a, velmirmo\'a, but also all of these -tai instead of -mo\'a for the ideal)]; (cf. ciste, ganzu, marji, slilu, stura, tarmi, boxna, cimde, gidva, jimpe, rilti)', 'def' => 'x1 is/reflects/represents a pattern of forms/events x2 arranged according to structure x3', 'origin' => '\'form\'', 'shortdef' => 'pattern', 'rafsi' => [ 'mon', 'mo\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'morna', 'unknown2' => '14', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[also x4 commodities; x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posle\'i, posyvelyle\'i for unambiguous semantics); rent (= jerle\'i, lejyjbera)]; (cf. canja, cnemu, friti, kargu, vecnu, jdima, prali, jerna, sfasa, dunda, jinga, dapma; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, cirko, dirba)', 'def' => 'x1 pays/compensates/remunerates/[rewards] payment x2 to recipient/payee x3 for goods/services x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pay', 'rafsi' => [ 'lej', 'le\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'pleji', 'unknown2' => '59', 'unknown1' => '8b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jamna; use sarxe, smaji, tugni for most metaphorical extensions, cilce, jamna)', 'def' => 'x1 is at peace with x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'peace', 'rafsi' => [ 'pap' ], 'gismu' => 'panpi', 'unknown2' => '33', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grute)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pear [fruit] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pear', 'rafsi' => [ 'per' ], 'gismu' => 'perli', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '[pallet (= lafyzbe)]; (cf. jamfu, jicmu, jubme, tuple, ckana, cpana, loldi, sanli)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pedestal/base/stand/pallet supporting x2 (object/event), of materials/properties x3', 'origin' => '\'base\'', 'shortdef' => 'pedestal', 'rafsi' => [ 'zbe' ], 'gismu' => 'zbepi', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pilka, calku, kerfa)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pelt/skin/hide/leather from x2', 'origin' => '\'skin\'', 'shortdef' => 'pelt', 'rafsi' => [ 'kap' ], 'gismu' => 'skapi', 'unknown2' => '18', 'unknown1' => '9f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ciska, pinsi, xinmo, pimlu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pen using ink x2 applied by process x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pen', 'rafsi' => [ 'peb' ], 'gismu' => 'penbi', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '1f' }, { 'notes' => '[also writing brush; x1 stimulates substrate medium x2 to display marks; explicitly denoting a standard lead pencil (= tabypinsi)]; (cf. ciska, penbi (unlike the English equivalents, pinsi is the more general term over penbi), burcu, bakri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pencil/crayon/stylus applying lead/marking material x2, frame/support [of material] x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pencil', 'rafsi' => [ 'pis' ], 'gismu' => 'pinsi', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => '1f' }, { 'notes' => '[normally context eliminates need for specificity; otherwise: penis (= nakpinji), clitoris (= fetpinji)]; (cf. cinse, gletu, vibna, plibu, vlagi, mabla, ganti)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the clitoris/penis [projecting reproductive organ; body-part] of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'penis', 'gismu' => 'pinji', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '[also without defect/error]; (cf. manfo, curve, traji, cfila, mulno)', 'def' => 'x1 is perfect/ideal/archetypical/faultless/flawless/un-improvable in property/aspect x2 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'perfect', 'rafsi' => [ 'pa\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'prane', 'unknown2' => '45', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jarco)', 'def' => 'x1 performs x2 [performance] for/before audience x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'perform', 'rafsi' => [ 'tig' ], 'gismu' => 'tigni', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is a danger/peril to x2]; (cf. te bandu, te kajde, te marbi, se snura, se xalni)', 'def' => 'x1 is perilous/dangerous/potentially harmful to x2 under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'peril', 'rafsi' => [ 'cap' ], 'gismu' => 'ckape', 'unknown2' => '17', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also everlasting]; (cf. stodi, cimni, zasni, manfo, stali)', 'def' => 'x1 is permanent/lasting/[eternal] in property x2 (ka) by standard x3 [time-span/expectant one]', 'origin' => '\'eternal\'', 'shortdef' => 'permanent', 'rafsi' => [ 'vi\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'vitno', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nanmu, ninmu, remna, zukte, sevzi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a person/people (noun) [not necessarily human]; x1 displays personality/a persona', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'person', 'rafsi' => [ 'pre' ], 'gismu' => 'prenu', 'unknown2' => '632', 'unknown1' => '1k' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is a question of/treats of x2; can be symmetric, although x1 is conventionally more specific or constrained in scope than x2]; (cf. cmavo list ra\'a, ckini, ponse, steci)', 'def' => 'x1 pertains to/is germane/relevant to/concerns/is related/associated with/is about x2', 'origin' => '\'concerns\'', 'shortdef' => 'pertain', 'rafsi' => [ 'ra\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'srana', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grasu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of petroleum/oil from source x2', 'origin' => '\'oil\'', 'shortdef' => 'petroleum', 'gismu' => 'ctile', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(x2 and x3 are both text or both si\'o concept) (cf. gismu, smuni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a binary metaphor formed with x2 modifying x3, giving meaning x4 in usage/instance x5', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'phrase compound', 'rafsi' => [ 'tau ' ], 'gismu' => 'tanru', 'unknown2' => '776', 'unknown1' => '1b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. zgike)', 'def' => 'x1 is a piano/harpsichord/synthesizer/organ; a keyboard musical instrument', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'piano', 'rafsi' => [ 'pi\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'pipno', 'unknown2' => '8', 'unknown1' => 'ak' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is pictorial/illustrative; drawing (= xraselci\'a), x1 draws x2 (= xraci\'a/xraci\'a), image (= xratai), photo (= kacmyxra), take a photo (= kacmyterxra, kacmyxragau, kacmyxrazu\'e); sculpture, relief (= blixra)]; (cf. ciska, cinta, prina, mupli, barna, skina)', 'def' => 'x1 is a picture/illustration representing/showing x2, made by artist x3 in medium x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'picture', 'rafsi' => [ 'pir', 'xra' ], 'gismu' => 'pixra', 'unknown2' => '51', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pagbu)', 'def' => 'x1 [object/substance] is a piece/portion/lump/chunk/particle of x2 [substance]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'piece', 'rafsi' => [ 'spi' ], 'gismu' => 'spisa', 'unknown2' => '21', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[sow (= fetxarju), boar (= nakyxarju), pork (= xajre\'u), piglet (= citxarju)]; (cf. mabru, cange)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pig/hog/swine/[boar] [pork/ham/bacon-producer] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => '\'hog\'', 'shortdef' => 'pig', 'rafsi' => [ 'xaj' ], 'gismu' => 'xarju', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jesni, nivji, fenso, dinko, tutci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pin/peg (needle-shaped tool) for fastening to/piercing x2, of material/properties x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pin', 'gismu' => 'pijne', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinmo, xendo)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) pities/feels sorry for x2 (person) about x3 (abstraction)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pity', 'rafsi' => [ 'kec', 'ke\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'kecti', 'unknown2' => '23', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '[also invents/organizes; x2 design, scheme; the structure or layout of an object would be represented as a state in x3]; (cf. cartu)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) plans/designs/plots plan/arrangement/plot/[schematic] x2 for state/process x3', 'origin' => '\'plot\'', 'shortdef' => 'plan', 'rafsi' => [ 'pla' ], 'gismu' => 'platu', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is even/planar/level]; (x2 is a set of points at least sufficient to define the plane); (cf. xutla, sefta, tapla, karda, boxfo, pinta)', 'def' => 'x1 is a plane [2-dimensional shape/form] defined by points x2 (set); x1 is flat/[smooth]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'plane', 'rafsi' => [ 'pit' ], 'gismu' => 'plita', 'unknown2' => '18', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lunra, mluni, terdi, solri, munje)', 'def' => 'x1 is a planet revolving around x2 with planetary characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'planet', 'gismu' => 'plini', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => 'am' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is vegetable/vegetal/vegetative]; (cf. genja, grute, gurni, latna, rozgu, stagi, tricu, tsiju, tujli, xruba, xrula, pezli, srasu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a plant/herb/greenery of species/strain/cultivar x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'plant', 'rafsi' => [ 'spa' ], 'gismu' => 'spati', 'unknown2' => '68', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. rutni, boxfo, bukpu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains plastic/polymer of type/component unit(s) x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'plastic', 'rafsi' => [ 'las' ], 'gismu' => 'slasi', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '6b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ckana, palne, kabri, tansi, ckana)', 'def' => 'x1 is a plate/dish/platter/saucer [flat/mildly concave food service bed] made of material x2', 'origin' => '\'platter\'', 'shortdef' => 'plate', 'gismu' => 'palta', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '[play game (= ci\'erkei), play competitively (= jvikei)]; (cf. jivna, jinga, zdile)', 'def' => 'x1 [agent] plays with plaything/toy x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'play', 'rafsi' => [ 'kel', 'kei ' ], 'gismu' => 'kelci', 'unknown2' => '116', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. rigni, cmavo list pu\'a, melbi, nelci, prami)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/state) seems pleasant to/pleases x2 under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pleasant', 'rafsi' => [ 'puk', 'pu\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'pluka', 'unknown2' => '131', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kakpa, sraku, katna, skuro)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) plows/furrows/tills [cuts into and turns up] x2 with tool x3 propelled by x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'plow', 'rafsi' => [ 'lix' ], 'gismu' => 'plixa', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinla, rotsu, barda, punli, grasu)', 'def' => 'x1 is plump/fat/obese [excessively thick/bulbous/swollen] by standard x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'plump', 'gismu' => 'plana', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. dakli, taxfu, bakfu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pocket/pouch of/in garment/item x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pocket', 'gismu' => 'daski', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. prosa, rimni, rilti, finti, lisri, sanga)', 'def' => 'x1 is a poem/verse about plot/theme/subject/pattern x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'poem', 'rafsi' => [ 'pem' ], 'gismu' => 'pemci', 'unknown2' => '103', 'unknown1' => '8b' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is dimensionless]; (cf. jipno, jganu, linji, stuzi, tcika)', 'def' => 'x1 is a point/instant/moment [0-dimensional shape/form] in/on/at time/place x2', 'origin' => '\'moment\'', 'shortdef' => 'point', 'rafsi' => [ 'moc' ], 'gismu' => 'mokca', 'unknown2' => '14', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. since)', 'def' => 'x1 is poisonous/venomous/toxic/a toxin to x2', 'origin' => '\'venom\'', 'shortdef' => 'poison', 'rafsi' => [ 'vid' ], 'gismu' => 'vindu', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[agentive (= tungau, tunzu\'e)]; (cf. balre, dakfu, darxi, fanza, jicla, katna, tikpa)', 'def' => 'x1 (object, usually pointed) pokes/jabs/stabs/prods x2 (experiencer)', 'origin' => '\'stab\'', 'shortdef' => 'poke', 'rafsi' => [ 'tun' ], 'gismu' => 'tunta', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[police officer, as an agent of authority (= ca\'irpulji, ka\'irpulji), as part of a police force (= puljysoi, as part of puljyselsoi); military police (= jempulji, bilpulji)]; (cf. catni, sonci, bilni, flalu, bandu, jemna, zekri, krati)', 'def' => 'x1 is a police officer/[enforcer/vigilante] enforcing law(s)/rule(s)/order x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'police', 'gismu' => 'pulji', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mosra, sraku, xutla)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) polishes object/surface x2 with polish x3, applied using tool x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'polish', 'gismu' => 'spali', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also formal, ritual]; (cf. ritli)', 'def' => 'x1 is polite/courteous/civil in matter x2 according to standard/custom x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'polite', 'rafsi' => [ 'lit' ], 'gismu' => 'clite', 'unknown2' => '37', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '[(adjective:) x1 is civil/political]; (cf. gugde, tutra, turni, natmi, jansu, lanci, cecmu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a polity/state governing territory/domain x2; [government/territory relationship]', 'origin' => '\'state\'', 'shortdef' => 'polity', 'rafsi' => [ 'jec', 'je\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'jecta', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sralo, daplu, xamsi)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Polynesian/Oceanian (geographic region) culture/nationality/languages in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Polynesian', 'rafsi' => [ 'pol' ], 'gismu' => 'polno', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 is scanty/meager/lacking for x1]; (cf. ricfu, claxu, nitcu, pikci)', 'def' => 'x1 is poor/indigent/impoverished/lacking in goods/possessions/property x2', 'origin' => '\'indigent\'', 'shortdef' => 'poor', 'rafsi' => [ 'pid' ], 'gismu' => 'pindi', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. brazo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Portuguese culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Portuguese', 'rafsi' => [ 'pot' ], 'gismu' => 'porto', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(x3 is generally more important to the concept than commonly accepted for the English equivalent, since the concept is broader when unconstrained, and the nature/interpretation of possession/ownership is very culturally dependent); (cf. ckini, ralte, jitro, steci, srana, tutra, turni, zivle)', 'def' => 'x1 possesses/owns/has x2 under law/custom x3; x1 is owner/proprietor of x2 under x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'possess', 'rafsi' => [ 'pos', 'po\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'ponse', 'unknown2' => '188', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '[also possibility]; (cf. lakne, cumki)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/state/property) is possible under conditions x2; x1 may/might occur; x1 is a maybe', 'origin' => '\'maybe\'', 'shortdef' => 'possible', 'rafsi' => [ 'cum', 'cu\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'cumki', 'unknown2' => '78', 'unknown1' => '3j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tansi, palne for depth; baktu, botpi for open/lidded)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pot/kettle/urn/tub/sink, a deep container for contents x2, of material/properties x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pot', 'rafsi' => [ 'pax' ], 'gismu' => 'patxu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(use samcu for starchy/tuberous roots that do not reproduce from eyes of tuber); (cf. genja, jalna, samcu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a potato [an edible tuber] of variety/cultivar x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'potato', 'gismu' => 'patlu', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(additional subunit places may be added as x5, x6, ...); (cf. grake, junta, tilju, rupnu, fepni, dekpu, gutci, minli, merli, kramu)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 (def. 1) local weight unit(s) [non-metric], standard x3, subunits [e.g. ounces] x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pound', 'rafsi' => [ 'bud' ], 'gismu' => 'bunda', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'al' }, { 'notes' => '[flour (= grupu\'o, xripu\'o)]; (cf. pulce, zalvi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a powder of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'powder', 'rafsi' => [ 'pum', 'pu\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'purmo', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '9f' }, { 'notes' => '[also potent, has control/mastery]; (cf. tsali, jitro, ruble)', 'def' => 'x1 has the power to bring about x2 under conditions x3; x1 is powerful in aspect x2 under x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'powerful', 'rafsi' => [ 'vli' ], 'gismu' => 'vlipa', 'unknown2' => '35', 'unknown1' => '7g' }, { 'notes' => '[also x1 before, forerunner; leading, as in \'leading indicators\'; x2 after, trailing (= selyli\'e for reordered places)]; (cf. cmavo list li\'e, balvi, ralju, rebla, purci for time sequence, jersi, porsi, jatna, farna)', 'def' => 'x1 precedes/leads x2 in sequence x3; x1 is former/preceding/previous; x2 is latter/following', 'origin' => '\'leader\'', 'shortdef' => 'precede', 'rafsi' => [ 'li\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'lidne', 'unknown2' => '50', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list bu\'a)', 'def' => '1st assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'predicate var 1', 'rafsi' => [ 'rod' ], 'gismu' => 'broda', 'unknown2' => '134', 'unknown1' => 'ad' }, { 'notes' => undef, 'def' => '2nd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'predicate var 2', 'rafsi' => [ 'bo\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'brode', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => 'ad' }, { 'notes' => undef, 'def' => '3rd assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'predicate var 3', 'gismu' => 'brodi', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => 'ad' }, { 'notes' => undef, 'def' => '4th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'predicate var 4', 'gismu' => 'brodo', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'ad' }, { 'notes' => undef, 'def' => '5th assignable variable predicate (context determines place structure)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'predicate var 5', 'gismu' => 'brodu', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'ad' }, { 'notes' => '[agentive press/depress (= da\'ergau, da\'erzu\'e)]; (cf. catke, bapli, prina, tinsa)', 'def' => 'x1 (force) puts pressure on/presses/applies force to x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pressure', 'rafsi' => [ 'da\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'danre', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pinfu, bandu, zunti, rinju, jimte, bapli, rivbi)', 'def' => 'x1 prevents/keeps/stops/restrains/constrains event x2 from occurring', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'prevent', 'gismu' => 'fanta', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posydi\'a, posyseldi\'a for unambiguous semantics); price is something decided/set by the seller, and is closely akin to offer (friti), which is what a buyer may decide; (note that price is not he same as cost/expense, which is the actual amount exchanged in a transaction; the latter is vecnu or canja; neither is the same as "value" or vamji; in colloquial English, these are sometimes interchanged, at least partially because of the rarity of barter and bargaining in the marketplace)]; (cf. canja, friti, janta, jdini, kargu, pleji, dapma, vamji for \'value\', ve vecnu for \'cost\', canja, fepni, jerna, jinga, pleji, prali, rupnu, sfasa, vamji)', 'def' => 'x1 [amount] is the price of x2 to purchaser/consumer x3 set by vendor x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'price', 'rafsi' => [ 'di\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'jdima', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '[an emotional combination of satisfaction and respect/esteem towards property(ies) or action(s) of person/entity that has a specific tie to emoter; self-pride (= se\'ijgi, tolcumla); use x2 tu\'a for pride in non-specific actions/properties of someone]; (cf. cinmo, cumla, sevzi, sinma, snada)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) feels/has pride in/about x2 (abstraction)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pride', 'rafsi' => [ 'jgi' ], 'gismu' => 'jgira', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '[staple (= ralselpra); general/admiral/president/principal leader (= ralja\'a, ralterbe\'e; use additional terms to distinguish among these); also primary, prime, (adverb:) chiefly, principally, mainly; (x2 is complete specification of set)]; (cf. vajni, te bende, minde, lidne, jatna, jitro, gidva, midju)', 'def' => 'x1 is principal/chief/leader/main/[staple], most significant among x2 (set) in property x3 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'principal', 'rafsi' => [ 'ral' ], 'gismu' => 'ralju', 'unknown2' => '87', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cukta, papri, pelji, pixra, ciska, danre, barna)', 'def' => 'x1 is a print/impression/image on/in surface x2 of/made by/using tool/press/implement/object x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'print', 'rafsi' => [ 'pri' ], 'gismu' => 'prina', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. zifre, kavbu, rinju, ralte, fanta, cilce)', 'def' => 'x1 is a prisoner/captive of x2, restrained/held/confined by means/force x3', 'origin' => '\'captive\'', 'shortdef' => 'prisoner', 'rafsi' => [ 'pif' ], 'gismu' => 'pinfu', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => '8e' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is secret (one sense); x2 is in the know/in touch with/privy to x1 (= selsivni for reordered places); exclusion can be expressed by na\'e(bo) in x2: excluded/in the dark (= nalselsivni)]; (cf. gubni, mipri)', 'def' => 'x1 is private/personal/privy/[secret/confidential/confined] to x2; x1 is not-public/hidden', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'private', 'rafsi' => [ 'siv' ], 'gismu' => 'sivni', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cumki, jinzi, kampu, tcaci, cunso, cafne, fadni, cnano)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/state/property) is probable/likely under conditions x2', 'origin' => '\'likely\'', 'shortdef' => 'probable', 'rafsi' => [ 'la\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'lakne', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 requires consideration by x2]; (cf. preti, danfu, ciksi, jijnu, jinvi, nandu, pensi, sidbo, spuda)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/state) is a problem to/encountered by x2 in situation/task/inquiry x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'problem', 'rafsi' => [ 'nam' ], 'gismu' => 'nabmi', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 resource (= selru\'e, but also ru\'etci, (ru\'er-/ruc- or selru\'e-/selruc- modifying:) selxaksu, selsabji, livla)]; (cf. cmavo list pu\'e, farvi, tadji, grute, tcini)', 'def' => 'x1 is a process with inputs x2, outputs/results x3, passing through steps/stages x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'process', 'rafsi' => [ 'ruc', 'ru\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'pruce', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '8f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. grute, gutra, rirni, se panzi, mamta, patfu, tarbi, bersa, ferti, jbena, sovda)', 'def' => 'x1 engenders/procreates/begets x2 with coparent x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'procreate', 'rafsi' => [ 'ror' ], 'gismu' => 'rorci', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. zbasu, farvi, gundi, jukpa)', 'def' => 'x1 produces x2 [product] by process x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'produce', 'rafsi' => [ 'pra' ], 'gismu' => 'cupra', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => '8f' }, { 'notes' => '[also (fe) x2 profits from x3 (= selterprali for reordered places); x1 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= selposprali for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. vecnu, cnemu, pleji, jinga, canja, sfasa, jerna, jdima, dunda, zivle)', 'def' => 'x1 is a profit/gain/benefit/advantage to x2 accruing/resulting from activity/process x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'profit', 'rafsi' => [ 'pal' ], 'gismu' => 'prali', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '8d' }, { 'notes' => '[also cannonball, catapult stone, shot pellet(s)]; (cf. cecla, renro, jakne)', 'def' => 'x1 is a ballistic projectile [e.g. bullet/missile] for firing by [gun/propelling launcher] x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'projectile', 'rafsi' => [ 'dan' ], 'gismu' => 'danti', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kajde, xusra)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) promises/commits/assures/threatens x2 (event/state) to x3 [beneficiary/victim]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'promise', 'rafsi' => [ 'nup', 'nu\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'nupre', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '[non-poetic written text, without intentional rhyme or meter; x2 may be a convention rather than a subject]; (cf. cfika, lisri, cukta, pemci, finti)', 'def' => 'x1 is prose about plot/theme/subject x2 by author x3 for intended audience x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'prose', 'rafsi' => [ 'ros', 'ro\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'prosa', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '8b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ladru, sovda)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of protein/albumin of type x2 composed of amino acids (sequence/jo\'u)', 'origin' => '\'albumin\'', 'shortdef' => 'protein', 'gismu' => 'lanbi', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(x4 is an event or tu\'a quotation) (cf. xarnu)', 'def' => 'x1 protests/objects to/complains about x2 (event/state) to audience x3 with action x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'protest', 'rafsi' => [ 'pat' ], 'gismu' => 'pante', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '[agentive supply (= sabgau, sabzu\'e)]; (cf. krasi, sorcu)', 'def' => 'x1 [source] provides/supplies/furnishes x2 [supply/commodity] to x3 [recipient]', 'origin' => '\'supply\'', 'shortdef' => 'provide', 'rafsi' => [ 'sab' ], 'gismu' => 'sabji', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => '3m' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cinse, gletu, pinji, vibna, vlagi, ganti, mabla)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the pubic area/external genitalia [body-part] of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pubic', 'rafsi' => [ 'pib' ], 'gismu' => 'plibu', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sivni)', 'def' => 'x1 is public/un-hidden/open/jointly available to/owned by all among community x2 (mass)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'public', 'rafsi' => [ 'gub' ], 'gismu' => 'gubni', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[gravity (= ka maicpu, maircpukai)]; (cf. catke, sakci, cokcu)', 'def' => 'x1 pulls/tugs/draws/drags x2 by handle/at locus x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pull', 'rafsi' => [ 'lap', 'cpu' ], 'gismu' => 'lacpu', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => '8h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. tutci, xislu, vraga)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pulley [tool] for performing action/function x2 rotating on axle x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pulley', 'gismu' => 'pulni', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 fluid may be liquid or gas; x5 may be a force; a pump generally causes a pressure gradient, such that x3 is a place of lower pressure, x4 a place of higher pressure]; (cf. gapci, litki, rinci; metaphorical use of fepri for gas, risna for liquid, rinci, tutci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pump/injector [tool/apparatus] pumping/inserting fluid x2 to x3 from x4 by means x5', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pump', 'gismu' => 'pambe', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. lerfu, basna, denpa)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) punctuates x2 (expression) with symbol/word x3 with syntactic/semantic effect x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'punctuate', 'rafsi' => [ 'pad' ], 'gismu' => 'pandi', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[also prickly (= pecycpina)]; (cf. vrusi, kukte, cidja, panci, sumne)', 'def' => 'x1 is pungent/piquant/peppery/spicy/irritating to sense x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pungent', 'gismu' => 'cpina', 'unknown2' => '35', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '[also chastise, castigate, chasten, discipline, correct (one sense); also x4 penalty]; (cf. cnemu, pleji, venfu, zekri, canja, dunda, jdima, jerna, kargu, prali, dapma, cirko, jinga)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) punishes x2 for infraction x3 (event/state/action) with punishment x4 (event/state)', 'origin' => '\'spank, castigate\'', 'shortdef' => 'punish', 'rafsi' => [ 'sfa' ], 'gismu' => 'sfasa', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is simply/purely/unmitigatedly/solely x2]; (cf. prane, jinsa, manfo, sampu, sepli, traji, lumci, xukmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is pure/unadulterated/unmitigated/simple in property x2 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'pure', 'rafsi' => [ 'cuv' ], 'gismu' => 'curve', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, blanu, xunre)', 'def' => 'x1 is purple/violet [color adjective]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'purple', 'rafsi' => [ 'zir', 'zi\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'zirpu', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cpacu, lebna, cpana, batke, setca)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) puts/places/sets x2 on/at surface/locus x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'put', 'rafsi' => [ 'puj', 'pu\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'punji', 'unknown2' => '88', 'unknown1' => '1g' }, { 'notes' => '[manifested/property/quality/trait/feature/aspect (= selkai)]; (cf. cmavo list kai, tcaci, tcini)', 'def' => 'x1 has/is characterized by property/feature/trait/aspect/dimension x2 (ka); x2 is manifest in x1', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'quality', 'rafsi' => [ 'kai ' ], 'gismu' => 'ckaji', 'unknown2' => '128', 'unknown1' => '3b' }, { 'notes' => '[also count]; (cf. cmavo list la\'u, namcu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity quantified/measured/enumerated by x2 (quantifier) on scale x3 (si\'o)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'quantity', 'rafsi' => [ 'lai ' ], 'gismu' => 'klani', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '3b' }, { 'notes' => '[quantum ray (= bonka\'u)]; (cf. selci for masses and most objects; ratni, gradu, gusni, nejni, linji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantum/ray/elementary particle/smallest measurable increment of property/activity x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'quantum', 'rafsi' => [ 'ka\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'kantu', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. nabmi, danfu, ciksi, frati, spuda, cpedu)', 'def' => 'x1 (quoted text) is a question/query about subject x2 by questioner x3 to audience x4', 'origin' => '\'query\'', 'shortdef' => 'question', 'rafsi' => [ 'ret', 'rei ' ], 'gismu' => 'preti', 'unknown2' => '149', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kerlo, panpi, savru, tirna)', 'def' => 'x1 (source) is quiet/silent/[still] at observation point x2 by standard x3', 'origin' => '\'silent\'', 'shortdef' => 'quiet', 'rafsi' => [ 'sma' ], 'gismu' => 'smaji', 'unknown2' => '52', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. frinu, fendi, katna, parbi, mekso)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quotient of \'x2/x3\' [dividend x2 divided by divisor x3], leaving remainder x4', 'origin' => '\'division\'', 'shortdef' => 'quotient', 'gismu' => 'dilcu', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. mabru, kerlo)', 'def' => 'x1 is a rabbit/hare/[doe] of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rabbit', 'gismu' => 'ractu', 'unknown2' => '28', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[measured in degrees (julra\'o); right ascension [astronomical measurement] (= cacryra\'o)] (cf. jganu, kilto, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, gutci, litce, megdo, mikri, milti, minli, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 radian(s) [metric unit] in angular measure (default is 1) by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'radian', 'rafsi' => [ 'ra\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'radno', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gusni)', 'def' => 'x1 radiates/emits x2 under conditions x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'radiate', 'rafsi' => [ 'di\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'dirce', 'unknown2' => '14', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[also x1 is a broadcaster]; (cf. tivni, benji, tcana)', 'def' => 'x1 broadcasts/transmits [using radio waves] x2 via station/frequency x3 to [radio] receiver x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'radio', 'gismu' => 'cradi', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'as' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kamju, grana, tutci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a rail/railing/bar [tool] supporting/restraining x2, of material x3', 'origin' => '\'bar\'', 'shortdef' => 'rail', 'rafsi' => [ 'gar' ], 'gismu' => 'garna', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bratu, dilnu, santa, snime, tcima, bisli, bumru)', 'def' => 'x1 rains/showers/[precipitates] to x2 from x3; x1 is precipitation [not limited to \'rain\']', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rain', 'rafsi' => [ 'cav' ], 'gismu' => 'carvi', 'unknown2' => '107', 'unknown1' => '4h' }, { 'notes' => '[also accidental, chancy, by chance, adventitious, arbitrary (also = cuncu\'a, cunselcu\'a, cunjdi, cunseljdi; based on "unpredictable")]; (cf. cnici, lakne, funca, kalsa, snuti)', 'def' => 'x1 is random/fortuitous/unpredictable under conditions x2, with probability distribution x3', 'origin' => '\'chance\'', 'shortdef' => 'random', 'rafsi' => [ 'cun', 'cu\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'cunso', 'unknown2' => '23', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '[also continues]; (cf. ranji, renvi, tcena, bancu, cripu, ragve, vorme, canko, bitmu, sirji, jbini, jimte, preja)', 'def' => 'x1 ranges/extends/spans/persists/reaches across/over interval/gap/area/scope/extent/range x2', 'origin' => '\'span\'', 'shortdef' => 'range', 'rafsi' => [ 'kup', 'ku\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'kuspe', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(x3 is complete specification of set); (cf. cizra, fadni, cafne, kampu, cnano - the generalized opposite to any/all of these concepts)', 'def' => 'x1 [member] is rare/unusual/uncommon/atypical in property x2 (ka) among members of x3 (set)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rare', 'gismu' => 'rirci', 'unknown2' => '26', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. smacu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a rat of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rat', 'gismu' => 'ratcu', 'unknown2' => '51', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[also x1 fraction/proportion/quotient; x2 dividend/numerator; x3 divisor/denominator]; (cf. frinu, dilcu, mekso)', 'def' => 'x1 (me\'o, fraction) is a ratio/rate of x2 (quantity) with respect to x3 (quantity), [x2:x3]', 'origin' => '\'rate\'', 'shortdef' => 'ratio', 'rafsi' => [ 'pab' ], 'gismu' => 'parbi', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '[x3 stimulates x1 into reaction x2, x3 stimulates reaction x2 (= terfra for place reordering); attempt to stimulate, prod (= terfratoi, tunterfratoi)]; (cf. preti, danfu, spuda, cpedu, tarti)', 'def' => 'x1 reacts/responds/answers with action x2 to stimulus x3 under conditions x4; x1 is responsive', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'react', 'rafsi' => [ 'fra' ], 'gismu' => 'frati', 'unknown2' => '21', 'unknown1' => '2b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ciska, cukta, karni)', 'def' => 'x1 [agent] reads x2 [text] from surface/document/reading material x3; x1 is a reader', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'read', 'rafsi' => [ 'tid' ], 'gismu' => 'tcidu', 'unknown2' => '92', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. spaji, jukpa)', 'def' => 'x1 is ready/prepared for x2 (event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ready', 'rafsi' => [ 'red', 'bre' ], 'gismu' => 'bredi', 'unknown2' => '36', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, cmavo list ki\'u, bapli)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'reason', 'rafsi' => [ 'rin', 'ki\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'krinu', 'unknown2' => '73', 'unknown1' => '6a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cpana, surla, zutse, ckana, lazni)', 'def' => 'x1 lies/rests/reclines/reposes on x2; x1 is reclining/recumbent/lying on x2', 'origin' => '\'rest\'', 'shortdef' => 'reclining', 'rafsi' => [ 'vre' ], 'gismu' => 'vreta', 'unknown2' => '68', 'unknown1' => 'an' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sorcu, datni, papri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a record of x2 (data/facts/du\'u) about x3 (object/event) preserved in medium x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'record', 'rafsi' => [ 'rej', 'vei ' ], 'gismu' => 'vreji', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[also case, another, instance, different, other, time, occasion]; (cf. fukpi, rapli, cafne, fasnu, xruti)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) is the x3\'rd recurrence/repetition of x2 (abstract); x2 happens again in [form] x1', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'recur', 'rafsi' => [ 'ref', 'ke\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'krefu', 'unknown2' => '56', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. skari, blabi, xekri, kandi, carmi, nukni, narju, rozgu, zirpu)', 'def' => 'x1 is red/crimson/ruddy [color adjective]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'red', 'rafsi' => [ 'xun', 'xu\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'xunre', 'unknown2' => '86', 'unknown1' => '1a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. zgike)', 'def' => 'x1 is a oboe/clarinet/saxophone [reed musical instrument] with reed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'reed', 'gismu' => 'xagri', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ak' }, { 'notes' => '(x1 may be object or si\'o idea); (cf. cmavo list ma\'i, ckilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde)', 'def' => 'x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rules x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'reference', 'rafsi' => [ 'mar' ], 'gismu' => 'manri', 'unknown2' => '70', 'unknown1' => '2d' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is a mirror/reflector]; [x2 may be light, lu\'e of an imaged object; x4 may be image or echo or the same as x2 if physical object; x3 may be a path for a bounced object; ka is reflection]; (cf. catlu, viska, lenjo, pensi)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects/mirrors/echoes x2 [object/radiation] to observer/point x3 as x4; x2 bounces on x1', 'origin' => '\'mirror\'', 'shortdef' => 'reflect', 'rafsi' => [ 'mir' ], 'gismu' => 'minra', 'unknown2' => '40', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 feels remorse about x2 (= zugyxe\'u)]; (cf. cmavo list .u\'u, zungi)', 'def' => 'x1 regrets/rues (abstraction) x2; x1 is regretful/rueful/sorry/[remorseful] about x2', 'origin' => '\'rue\'', 'shortdef' => 'regret', 'rafsi' => [ 'xer', 'xe\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'xenru', 'unknown2' => '25', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '[also uniform; resonant (= dikslicai)]; (cf. slilu, rilti, xutla, manfo, boxna)', 'def' => 'x1 is regular/cyclical/periodic in property (ka)/activity x2 with period/interval x3', 'origin' => '\'cyclical\'', 'shortdef' => 'regular', 'rafsi' => [ 'dik' ], 'gismu' => 'dikni', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list ki\'i, ponse, srana, steci, mapti, sarxe, fange)', 'def' => 'x1 is related to/associated with/akin to x2 by relationship x3', 'origin' => '\'akin, kin\'', 'shortdef' => 'related', 'rafsi' => [ 'ki\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'ckini', 'unknown2' => '46', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. dunku, tatpi, cando, vreta)', 'def' => 'x1 relaxes/rests/is at ease in/by doing/being x2 (activity)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'relax', 'rafsi' => [ 'sur' ], 'gismu' => 'surla', 'unknown2' => '34', 'unknown1' => '9c' }, { 'notes' => '[also mythos, creed, traditional beliefs, x2 people(s), adherents; (adjective:) x1, x2, x3 are religious/ecclesiastic in nature; x2 is a believer in/of x1, an adherent/follower of x1 (= seljda for reordered places); x2 is a practitioner of x3 (= selterjda for reordered places); x3 is a tenet/belief/ritual/creed of x1/x2 (= terjda for reordered places); priest/clerical (= jdaca\'i, jdaka\'i, jdaja\'a); organized church/religion (= be\'ejda); congregation (= jdabe\'e, jdagri)]; (cf. budjo, censa, cevni, crida, dadjo, jegvo, krici, latna, malsi, marde, muslo, pruxi, ranmi, ritli, xriso, zekri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a religion of believers including x2 sharing common beliefs/practices/tenets including x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'religion', 'rafsi' => [ 'jda' ], 'gismu' => 'lijda', 'unknown2' => '126', 'unknown1' => 'ac' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. minde, nitcu, tinbe)', 'def' => 'x1 relies/depends/counts on/trusts x2 to bring about/ensure/maintain x3 (event/state)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rely', 'rafsi' => [ 'lac' ], 'gismu' => 'lacri', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. vitno, zasni, ralte, stodi, xabju, stuzi, renvi)', 'def' => 'x1 remains/stays at/abides/lasts with x2', 'origin' => '\'stay\'', 'shortdef' => 'remain', 'rafsi' => [ 'sta' ], 'gismu' => 'stali', 'unknown2' => '53', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list ba\'anai, menli, pensi, sanji, djuno, notci)', 'def' => 'x1 remembers/recalls/recollects fact(s)/memory x2 (du\'u) about subject x3', 'origin' => '\'memory\'', 'shortdef' => 'remember', 'rafsi' => [ 'moj', 'mo\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'morji', 'unknown2' => '114', 'unknown1' => '2h' }, { 'notes' => '[also appropriates, confiscates; alienation is inherent]; (cf. lebna, muvdu, cpacu, canci, cliva, jdika)', 'def' => 'x1 removes/subtracts/deducts/takes away x2 from x3 with/leaving result/remnant/remainder x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'remove', 'rafsi' => [ 'vic', 'vi\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'vimcu', 'unknown2' => '43', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '[a repair may be incomplete, fixing only one of the possible uses of x2, hence x3]; (cf. cfila, spofu)', 'def' => 'x1 repairs/mends/fixes x2 for use x3', 'origin' => '\'fix\'', 'shortdef' => 'repair', 'gismu' => 'cikre', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[practice (= rapyzu\'e, rapxelcli, rapyzukmo\'i)]; (cf. cmavo list roi, cafne, krefu, fukpi, pilji, xruti)', 'def' => 'x1 [action] repeats/is repeated for a total of x2 (quantity) occurrences', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'repeat', 'rafsi' => [ 'rap' ], 'gismu' => 'rapli', 'unknown2' => '32', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 trades places with x2]; (cf. cmavo list ba\'i, binra)', 'def' => 'x1 replaces/substitutes for/instead of x2 in circumstance x3; x1 is a replacement/substitute', 'origin' => '\'substitute\'', 'shortdef' => 'replace', 'rafsi' => [ 'bas' ], 'gismu' => 'basti', 'unknown2' => '35', 'unknown1' => '3m' }, { 'notes' => '[x3 also answer/reply]; [if x2 is a person/object, it will usually require "tu\'a" indicating that the reply/response is to that person/object doing something. "tu\'a" may not be needed if the person/object itself is the stimulus, rather than something it is doing];(cf. cusku, preti, nabmi, danfu, frati, cpedu)', 'def' => 'x1 answers/replies to/responds to person/object/event/situation/stimulus x2 with response x3', 'origin' => '\'respond\'', 'shortdef' => 'reply', 'rafsi' => [ 'spu' ], 'gismu' => 'spuda', 'unknown2' => '67', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[also: on behalf of]; (cf. cmavo list ka\'i, jansu, catni, vipsi, pulji)', 'def' => 'x1 represents/is an agent/proxy/stands-in for [absent] x2 in matter(s)/function(s) x3', 'origin' => '\'proxy\'', 'shortdef' => 'represent', 'rafsi' => [ 'ka\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'krati', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. danlu, banfi, since)', 'def' => 'x1 is a reptile of species/breed x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'reptile', 'rafsi' => [ 'res' ], 'gismu' => 'respa', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '[also demand (= mi\'ecpe); x4 is a means of expression (cf. ve cusku): a request may be indicated in speech, in writing, or by an action (e.g. petitions are often in writing, while begging/panhandling may be indicated by an action or even demeanor)]; (cf. pikci, te preti, te frati, se spuda, danfu)', 'def' => 'x1 requests/asks/petitions/solicits for x2 of/from x3 in manner/form x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'request', 'rafsi' => [ 'cpe' ], 'gismu' => 'cpedu', 'unknown2' => '72', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bilga)', 'def' => 'x1 is responsible/accountable for x2 (action/resulting state) to judge/authority x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'responsible', 'rafsi' => [ 'fuz', 'fu\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'fuzme', 'unknown2' => '55', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. barja, citka, kukte, sanmi, xotli)', 'def' => 'x1 is a restaurant/cafe/diner serving type-of-food x2 to audience x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'restaurant', 'gismu' => 'gusta', 'unknown2' => '45', 'unknown1' => '5c' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x2 is a restraint/binding for x1, x2 keeps/restrains/holds [back]/constrains x1 from x3 (= selri\'u for reordered places); agentive restraint (= ri\'urgau, ri\'urzu\'e)]; (cf. zifre, ralte, pinfu, kavbu, fanta, jgari, jimte, bapli, curmi, kluza, tagji)', 'def' => 'x1 is restrained/held [back]/constrained/kept by restraint x2 against x3 (event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'restrain', 'rafsi' => [ 'ri\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'rinju', 'unknown2' => '19', 'unknown1' => '3m' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x2 gives rise to x1 (= selja\'e for reordered places); total (general meaning, but also = mekyja\'e, pi\'irja\'e, sujyja\'e)]; (cf. se mukti, te zukte, se rinka, se krinu, se nibli, mulno, sumji, pilji, mekso, cmavo list ja\'e, ciksi)', 'def' => 'x1 (action/event/state) is a result/outcome/conclusion of antecedent x2 (event/state/process)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'result', 'rafsi' => [ 'jag', 'ja\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'jalge', 'unknown2' => '56', 'unknown1' => '6a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cirko, rinju, ponse, jgari, pinfu, stali, curmi)', 'def' => 'x1 retains/keeps/holds x2 in its possession', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'retain', 'rafsi' => [ 'ra\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'ralte', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '2b' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 goes back/[retreats] to x3 (= se\'ixru for agent self-returning to a previous location/situation: renumber places in the lujvo); (x3 may be a location or a person or an event/situation; the latter may also be expressed with krefu or rapli and a causative like rinka/rikygau)]; (cf. benji, krefu, rapli, rinka)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) returns x2 to origin/earlier state x3 from x4; x1 moves/gives x2 back to x3 from x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'return', 'rafsi' => [ 'xru' ], 'gismu' => 'xruti', 'unknown2' => '49', 'unknown1' => '7f' }, { 'notes' => '[also avenge; (adjective:) x1 is vengeful]; (cf. sfasa, cnemu)', 'def' => 'x1 takes revenge on/retaliates against x2 (person) for wrong x3 (nu) with vengeance x4 (nu)', 'origin' => '\'avenge\'', 'shortdef' => 'revenge', 'rafsi' => [ 'vef' ], 'gismu' => 'venfu', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also opposite (one sense)]; (cf. cmavo list fa\'e, dukti)', 'def' => 'x1 [sequence] is in reverse order from x2 [sequence]; x1 (object) is inverted from x2 (object)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'reverse', 'rafsi' => [ 'fat', 'fa\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'fatne', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '3j' }, { 'notes' => '[differs from earned payment because of atypical nature; rewards need not be positive but are in some sense deserved from the point of view of the rewarder: positive reward (= zanyne\'u), punishment, penalty, demerit (= malne\'u, sfane\'u); x4 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posne\'u, posyvelne\'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. dunda, friti, jerna, jinga, jivna, pleji, sfasa, venfu, prali, dapma)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) rewards x2 [recipient] for atypical x3 (event/property) with reward/desserts x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'reward', 'rafsi' => [ 'nem', 'ne\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'cnemu', 'unknown2' => '39', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[broad meaning of rhyme - any matching sound correspondence]; (cf. pemci, sanga)', 'def' => 'x1 rhymes/alliterates with x2 in language/phonetics x3, matching sound correspondence x4 (ka)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rhyme', 'rafsi' => [ 'rim' ], 'gismu' => 'rimni', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '8b' }, { 'notes' => '[not necessarily oscillatory/regular pattern]; (cf. damri, pemci, tonga, zgike, slilu, dikni, sanga, morna)', 'def' => 'x1 (sequence/non-text quote) is a rhythm/beat of music/expressive form x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rhythm', 'rafsi' => [ 'ril' ], 'gismu' => 'rilti', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. djine)', 'def' => 'x1 is a ribbon/tape/strip/band/stripe of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ribbon', 'rafsi' => [ 'sri' ], 'gismu' => 'dasri', 'unknown2' => '29', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gurni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of rice [a type of grain] of strain/cultivar x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rice', 'rafsi' => [ 'ris' ], 'gismu' => 'rismi', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. solji, banzu, dukse, pindi)', 'def' => 'x1 is rich/wealthy in goods/possessions/property/aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rich', 'rafsi' => [ 'rif', 'cfu' ], 'gismu' => 'ricfu', 'unknown2' => '43', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmila)', 'def' => 'x1 ridicules/mocks/scoffs at x2 about x3 (property/event) by doing activity x4 (event)', 'origin' => '\'scoff\'', 'shortdef' => 'ridicule', 'rafsi' => [ 'cas' ], 'gismu' => 'ckasu', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x3 is the standard of orientation for x2]; (cf. cmavo list ri\'u, mlana, crane, trixe, farna, zunle)', 'def' => 'x1 is to the right/right-hand side of x2 which faces/in-frame-of-reference x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'right', 'gismu' => 'pritu', 'unknown2' => '55', 'unknown1' => '1e' }, { 'notes' => '[also ellipse, oval (= jincla); (usage has been for near-circles, such as tight spirals, even if not closed loops)]; [also band, belt, encircle (= jinsru)]; (cf. clupa, cukla, dasri, karli, sovda, sruri, konju)', 'def' => 'x1 is a ring/annulus/torus/circle [shape/form] of material x2, inside diam. x3, outside diam. x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'ring', 'rafsi' => [ 'jin' ], 'gismu' => 'djine', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 is formal, [legal]; x1 is \'going through the motions\']; x4 constraints/customs; (cf. lijda, malsi, flalu, javni, tcaci, clite, junri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a rite/ceremony/ritual for purpose/goal x2, by custom/in community x3, with form/rules x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rite', 'rafsi' => [ 'ri\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'ritli', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => '9a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. flecu, senta for most metaphorical aspects; daplu, djacu, lalxu, xamsi, rinci, naxle)', 'def' => 'x1 is a river of land mass x2, draining watershed x3 into x4/terminating at x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'river', 'rafsi' => [ 'ri\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'rirxe', 'unknown2' => '71', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[a regularly used, improved-for-use surface for travelling]; (cf. naxle, tcana, pluta, klaji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a road/highway to x2 from x3 with route x4 (x2/x3 may be unordered)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'road', 'rafsi' => [ 'dag' ], 'gismu' => 'dargu', 'unknown2' => '69', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '[also coveralls (= paspalku)]; (cf. kosta, taxfu, palku)', 'def' => 'x1 is a robe/tunic/gown/cloak/dress/[coveralls] [a long/full body garment] of material x2', 'origin' => '\'tunic\'', 'shortdef' => 'robe', 'rafsi' => [ 'pas' ], 'gismu' => 'pastu', 'unknown2' => '26', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '[x2: composition including x2, which need not be complete specification];(cf. kunra, jemna, canre)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/is made of/contains rock/stone of type/composition x2 from location x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rock', 'rafsi' => [ 'rok', 'ro\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'rokci', 'unknown2' => '143', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cecla, danti, spoja)', 'def' => 'x1 is a rocket [vehicle] propelled by jet expelling x2 carrying payload x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rocket', 'gismu' => 'jakne', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. garna)', 'def' => 'x1 is a rod/pole/staff/stick/cane [shape/form] of material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rod', 'rafsi' => [ 'ga\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'grana', 'unknown2' => '37', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bolci, carna, jendu, slanu)', 'def' => 'x1 rolls/trundles on/against surface x2 rotating on axis/axle x3; x1 is a roller', 'origin' => '\'trundle\'', 'shortdef' => 'roll', 'rafsi' => [ 'gur', 'gu\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'gunro', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => 'as' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bitmu, stedu, galtu, gapru, loldi, marbi, gacri, mapku; a drudi is (designed to be) over/above something and shelters it from other things above the drudi, mapku)', 'def' => 'x1 is a roof/top/ceiling/lid of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'roof', 'rafsi' => [ 'rud', 'dru' ], 'gismu' => 'drudi', 'unknown2' => '30', 'unknown1' => '2k' }, { 'notes' => '[also chamber]; (cf. bitmu, canlu, zdani)', 'def' => 'x1 is a room of/in structure x2 surrounded by partitions/walls/ceiling/floor x3 (mass/jo\'u)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'room', 'rafsi' => [ 'kum', 'ku\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'kumfa', 'unknown2' => '346', 'unknown1' => '2k' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jamfu, jicmu, patlu, samcu, spati, krasi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a root [body-part] of plant/species x2; [metaphor: immobile, supporting, nourishing]', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'root', 'rafsi' => [ 'gej' ], 'gismu' => 'genja', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '[gismu list, if physical object (= (loi) gimste); referring to the mental construct (e.g. propose adding a new gismu to the gismu list = gimpoi, gimselcmi, gimselste)]; (cf. cmavo, cmene, lujvo, smuni, sumti, tanru, valsi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a (Lojban) root word expressing relation x2 among argument roles x3, with affix(es) x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'root word', 'rafsi' => [ 'gim', 'gi\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'gismu', 'unknown2' => '554', 'unknown1' => '1b' }, { 'notes' => '[roses are not all pink; avoid using for color rose, which might be labyxu\'e]; (cf. spati, xunre)', 'def' => 'x1 is a rose [flower - characterized by prickly stem/fragrance] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rose', 'rafsi' => [ 'roz', 'zgu' ], 'gismu' => 'rozgu', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. birje, vanju, vifne)', 'def' => 'x1 rots/decays/ferments with decay/fermentation agent x2; x1 is rotten/decayed/fermented', 'origin' => '\'rot\'', 'shortdef' => 'rotten', 'rafsi' => [ 'fur' ], 'gismu' => 'fusra', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[fine-textured (= tolrufsu)]; (cf. xutla, tengu, vitci)', 'def' => 'x1 is rough/coarse/uneven/[grainy/scabrous/rugged] in texture/regularity', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rough', 'rafsi' => [ 'ruf' ], 'gismu' => 'rufsu', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '[normally used for a filled-in circle/disk, but emphasis on roundness means that the concept may include \'ring\']; (cf. djine, ranji, bolci, tarmi)', 'def' => 'x1 is round/circular [2-dimensional shape/form]; x1 is a disk/circle/ring', 'origin' => '\'circular\'', 'shortdef' => 'round', 'rafsi' => [ 'cuk' ], 'gismu' => 'cukla', 'unknown2' => '16', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '[a route merely connects origin/destination, but need not be improved in any way; (x4 is a set of points at least sufficient to constrain the route relevantly)]; (cf. litru, naxle, tcana, dargu, klaji, ve klama; tadji, zukte for means to a goal, klama, pagre)', 'def' => 'x1 is a route/path/way/course/track to x2 from x3 via/defined by points including x4 (set)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'route', 'rafsi' => [ 'lut', 'lu\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'pluta', 'unknown2' => '309', 'unknown1' => '5d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pruni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of rubber/latex from source x2 of composition including x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rubber', 'gismu' => 'ckabu', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '[regulation, prescription (also x2), principle, requirement (also x2), prescribe, require (conditions are usually contained within x2); x1 is regulatory; x2, x3 are regulated]; (cf. flalu, ritli, cmavo list ja\'i, marde, tcaci, tinbe, zekri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a rule prescribing/mandating/requiring x2 (event/state) within system/community x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rule', 'rafsi' => [ 'jva' ], 'gismu' => 'javni', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '7e' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cadzu, klama, litru, stapa, plipe, cpare)', 'def' => 'x1 runs on surface x2 using limbs x3 with gait x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'run', 'rafsi' => [ 'baj' ], 'gismu' => 'bajra', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '2b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. jarbu, rarna, tcadu, cange)', 'def' => 'x1 is a rural/rustic/pastoral area of x2; x1 is in the country', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rural', 'rafsi' => [ 'num' ], 'gismu' => 'nurma', 'unknown2' => '39', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. softo, slovo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Russian culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Russian', 'rafsi' => [ 'ruk', 'ru\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'rusko', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gurni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of rye [grain] of species/strain x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'rye', 'gismu' => 'mraji', 'unknown2' => '3', 'unknown1' => 'aj' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. daski for pouch, bakfu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a sack/bag with contents x2, and of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sack', 'gismu' => 'dakli', 'unknown2' => '27', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. klaku, gleki, betri, cinmo, junri)', 'def' => 'x1 is sad/depressed/dejected/[unhappy/feels sorrow/grief] about x2 (abstraction)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sad', 'rafsi' => [ 'dri' ], 'gismu' => 'badri', 'unknown2' => '91', 'unknown1' => '3c' }, { 'notes' => '[waterwheel (= jacfanxi\'u)]; (cf. bloti)', 'def' => 'x1 is a sail for gathering propelling material x2 on vehicle/motor x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sail', 'rafsi' => [ 'fan' ], 'gismu' => 'falnu', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[x2 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of x1]; (cf. mixre, stasu)', 'def' => 'x1 (mass) is a quantity of salad [food] with ingredients/components including x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'salad', 'gismu' => 'salta', 'unknown2' => '11', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sakta)', 'def' => 'x1 is a portion/quantity of salt from source x2, of composition including x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'salt', 'gismu' => 'silna', 'unknown2' => '18', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. panra, satci, mapti, simsa, drata, dunli, cmavo list du - which has no standard place, simxu)', 'def' => 'x1 is the same/identical thing as x2 by standard x3; (x1 and x2 interchangeable)', 'origin' => '\'identical\'', 'shortdef' => 'same', 'rafsi' => [ 'mit', 'mi\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'mintu', 'unknown2' => '47', 'unknown1' => '2g' }, { 'notes' => '[also abrasive (= gukcanre)]; (cf. bidju, rokci, zalvi, boxna)', 'def' => 'x1 is a quantity of/contains/is made of sand/grit from source x2 of composition including x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sand', 'rafsi' => [ 'can' ], 'gismu' => 'canre', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => 'ah' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. midju, nenri, sepli, senta, jbini, bitmu, sruri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a sandwich/layering [not restricted to food] of x2 sandwiched between x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sandwich', 'rafsi' => [ 'nuj' ], 'gismu' => 'snuji', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. fenki)', 'def' => 'x1 (action/activity/behavior) is sane/rational by standard x2', 'origin' => '\'rational\'', 'shortdef' => 'sane', 'gismu' => 'racli', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xindo, xurdo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Sanskrit language/Sanskritic/Vedic culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Sanskrit', 'gismu' => 'srito', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. plini, solri, lunra)', 'def' => 'x1 is a satellite/moon orbiting x2 with characteristics x3, orbital parameters x4', 'origin' => '\'moon\'', 'shortdef' => 'satellite', 'rafsi' => [ 'lun' ], 'gismu' => 'mluni', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'am' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pajni)', 'def' => 'x1 satisfies evaluator x2 in property (ka)/state x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'satisfy', 'gismu' => 'mansa', 'unknown2' => '39', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[x3 is in x1, an ingredient/part/component of sauce x1]; (cf. sanmi, mixre, stasu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a sauce/topping/gravy/frosting for use with x2, containing ingredient(s) including x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sauce', 'gismu' => 'sanso', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. xrabo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Saudi Arabian culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Saudi', 'rafsi' => [ 'djo' ], 'gismu' => 'sadjo', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list ci\'u, gradu, merli, cimde, manri)', 'def' => 'x1 (si\'o) is a scale of units for measuring/observing/determining x2 (state)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'scale', 'rafsi' => [ 'ci\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'ckilu', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'al' }, { 'notes' => '[also college, university]; (cf. cilre, ctuca, tadni)', 'def' => 'x1 is school/institute/academy at x2 teaching subject(s) x3 to audien./commun. x4 operated by x5', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'school', 'rafsi' => [ 'kul', 'cu\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'ckule', 'unknown2' => '95', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[not limited to science as derived by the scientific method, but pertaining to any body of usually-coherent knowledge garnered/gathered/assembled by a consistent methodology]; (cf. datni, fatci, djuno, cipra, pensi, jimpe)', 'def' => 'x1 (mass of facts) is science of/about subject matter x2 based on methodology x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'science', 'rafsi' => [ 'ske' ], 'gismu' => 'saske', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[Irish (= sicko\'o), Scottish (= sunko\'o), Celtic (= dzeko\'o), Welsh (= nanko\'o), Breton (= fasko\'o); since Scottish/Gaelic is only the northern branch of the Celtic tribes, many would prefer a le\'avla for Celtic; nationalism might also demand a separate fu\'ivla for Irish]; (cf. brito, glico)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Gaelic/Scottish culture/nationality/language in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Scottish', 'rafsi' => [ 'kot', 'ko\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'skoto', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[abrade, abrasive (= mosyguska)]; (cf. balre, sraku, batci, canpa, mosra)', 'def' => 'x1 blade/scraper/erosive scrapes/erodes/abrades x2 from x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'scrape', 'rafsi' => [ 'guk' ], 'gismu' => 'guska', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'as' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. guska, katna, mosra, plixa, kakpa (unlike kakpa, sraku does not imply material is removed), spali)', 'def' => 'x1 [abrasive/cutting/scratching object/implement] scratches/[carves]/erodes/cuts [into] x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'scratch', 'rafsi' => [ 'rak' ], 'gismu' => 'sraku', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also bolt]; (cf. korcu, sarlu, tutci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a screw [fastener] for purpose x2, threads [pitch, material] x3, frame [size, material] x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'screw', 'rafsi' => [ 'lup', 'lu\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'klupe', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also atmosphere (= varxamsi, varsenta)]; (cf. daplu, djacu, lalxu, rirxe, tumla, vacri, zbani, ctaru)', 'def' => 'x1 is a sea/ocean/gulf/[atmosphere] of planet x2, of fluid x3; (adjective:) x1 is marine', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sea', 'rafsi' => [ 'xas' ], 'gismu' => 'xamsi', 'unknown2' => '45', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[also anniversary (= citsydei, na\'arcitsydei), jubilee (= mumnoncitsi); the period of time may be short or long as indicated by x2, and may occur every year or every nth year as indicated by x3 (default every year); (x2 and/or x3 may need metaphorical restriction: djecitsi, pavdeicitsi; also equinox, solstice, time of year]; (cf. cedra, crisa, critu, dunra, ranji, temci, vensa, jbena)', 'def' => 'x1 is a season/is seasonal [cyclical interval], defined by interval/property x2, of year(s) x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'season', 'gismu' => 'citsi', 'unknown2' => '15', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 flavors x2 (tu\'a)]; (cf. vrusi)', 'def' => 'x1 is a seasoning/condiment/spice causing flavor/effect x2 (event/property)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'seasoning', 'gismu' => 'tsapi', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cacra, junla, mentu, tcika, centi, decti, dekto, femti, gigdo, gocti, gotro, kilto, megdo, mikri, milti, nanvi, petso, picti, terto, xatsi, xecto, xexso, zepti, zetro)', 'def' => 'x1 is x2 seconds in duration (default is 1 second) by standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'second', 'rafsi' => [ 'nid' ], 'gismu' => 'snidu', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '3e' }, { 'notes' => '[intransitive hidden/secret, without an agent (= selcri or nalterju\'o); secret (= selmipri)]; (cf. stace, mifra, sivni, djuno, cirko, jarco)', 'def' => 'x1 keeps x2 secret/hidden from x3 by method x4; x2 is a secret; x1 hides/conceals x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'secret', 'rafsi' => [ 'mip' ], 'gismu' => 'mipri', 'unknown2' => '53', 'unknown1' => '3l' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. ckape, kajde, marbi, terpa, xalni, bandu)', 'def' => 'x1 is secure/safe from threat x2 (event)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'secure', 'rafsi' => [ 'nur', 'nu\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'snura', 'unknown2' => '34', 'unknown1' => '9a' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is visual; x3 can include ambient lighting, background, etc. which may affect what is perceived; note that English "see" often means "look" or a more generic "observe", or even "understand, know"]; (cf. catlu, jvinu, kanla, minra, simlu, djuno, jimpe, zgana, ganse)', 'def' => 'x1 sees/views/perceives visually x2 under conditions x3', 'origin' => '\'vision\'', 'shortdef' => 'see', 'rafsi' => [ 'vis', 'vi\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'viska', 'unknown2' => '317', 'unknown1' => '6m' }, { 'notes' => '[also germ cell; implies actual potential for self-development; seeds generally contain embryo and food, and hence would include a fertilized egg] (cf. tarbi, dembi, grute, jbari, sombo, spati, sovda)', 'def' => 'x1(s) is/are (a) seed(s)/spore(s) [body-part] of organism x2 for producing offspring x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'seed', 'rafsi' => [ 'tsi' ], 'gismu' => 'tsiju', 'unknown2' => '135', 'unknown1' => '5b' }, { 'notes' => '[if searching for an object or an event, use tu\'a in x2]; (cf. cirko, kalte, kavbu, kucli, rivbi, manci, facki)', 'def' => 'x1 seeks/searches/looks for property x2 among set x3 (complete specification of set)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'seek', 'rafsi' => [ 'sis' ], 'gismu' => 'sisku', 'unknown2' => '89', 'unknown1' => '8g' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 seems like it has x2 to x3; suggest belief/observation (= mlugau, mluti\'i); looks like/resembles (= smimlu, mitmlu)]; (cf. catlu, viska, simsa, zgana, ganse, jarco)', 'def' => 'x1 seems/appears to have property(ies) x2 to observer x3 under conditions x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'seem', 'rafsi' => [ 'mlu' ], 'gismu' => 'simlu', 'unknown2' => '89', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmavo list mi, prenu, menli, jgira)', 'def' => 'x1 is a self/ego/id/identity-image of x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'self', 'rafsi' => [ 'sez', 'se\'i' ], 'gismu' => 'sevzi', 'unknown2' => '44', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is a salesperson/salesman/vendor; x3 buys x2 from x1 (= terve\'u for reordered terms); x4 is the price of x2 to x3 (= velve\'u for reordered terms); for sale (= fitselve\'u, selvenfriti); x2 may be a specific object, a commodity (mass), an event, or a property; pedantically, for objects/commodities, this is sumti-raising from ownership of the object/commodity (= posyve\'u, posyselve\'u for unambiguous semantics)]; (cf. canja, dunda, janta, pleji, jerna, kargu, prali, zarci, vamji, jdima; see note at jdima on cost/price/value distinction, fepni, friti, jerna, rupnu)', 'def' => 'x1 [seller] sells/vends x2 [goods/service/commodity] to buyer x3 for amount/cost/expense x4', 'origin' => '\'vend\'', 'shortdef' => 'sell', 'rafsi' => [ 'ven', 've\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'vecnu', 'unknown2' => '48', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '[Semitic includes Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Ethiopian, among others]; (cf. xrabo)', 'def' => 'x1 reflects Semitic [metaphor: Middle-Eastern] language/culture/nationality in aspect x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'Semitic', 'rafsi' => [ 'sme' ], 'gismu' => 'semto', 'unknown2' => '1', 'unknown1' => 'ab' }, { 'notes' => '[x1 is sensitive to x2; also feels, spots, perceives, makes out, discerns/recognizes (but only implying reaction without necessarily any significant mental processing); note that the emphasis is on a property which stimulates x1 and is detected (sanji is passive about the sensing, and is not limited to sensory input, as well as presuming some kind of discernment/recognition, while not being concerned with the means of detection); x3 sense/sensory channel]; (cf. pencu, sanji, viska, sumne, tirna, zgana, canci, simlu)', 'def' => 'x1 [observer] senses/detects/notices stimulus property x2 (ka) by means x3 under conditions x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sense', 'rafsi' => [ 'gas', 'ga\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'ganse', 'unknown2' => '70', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '[phrase (= jufpau, suzrelvla, suzvla, gensle)]; (cf. valsi, bangu, gerna, cusku, smuni)', 'def' => 'x1 (text) is a sentence/statement about x2 [topic/subject/predicate/focus] in language x3', 'origin' => '\'phrase\'', 'shortdef' => 'sentence', 'rafsi' => [ 'juf', 'ju\'a' ], 'gismu' => 'jufra', 'unknown2' => '111', 'unknown1' => '1h' }, { 'notes' => '[also (adjective:) x1 is serial]; (sets are completely specified); (cf. cmavo list po\'i, lidne, liste, cmima)', 'def' => 'x1 [ordered set] is sequenced/ordered/listed by comparison/rules x2 on unordered set x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sequence', 'rafsi' => [ 'por', 'poi ' ], 'gismu' => 'porsi', 'unknown2' => '49', 'unknown1' => '7c' }, { 'notes' => '[also solemn (= drijunri, ri\'irjunri, tcejunri)]; (cf. tilju, xalbo, badri, ritli)', 'def' => 'x1 (person) is serious/earnest/has gravity about x2 (event/state/activity)', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'serious', 'rafsi' => [ 'jur' ], 'gismu' => 'junri', 'unknown2' => '12', 'unknown1' => '9d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. sidju, sarji, gunka)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) serves x2 with service x3 (activity); x1 is a servant (noun) of x2 performing x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'serve', 'rafsi' => [ 'sef', 'se\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'selfu', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. gunta, vlile)', 'def' => 'x1 (event/action/state) is severe/harsh to x2 [victim/experiencer]', 'origin' => '\'harsh\'', 'shortdef' => 'severe', 'rafsi' => [ 'jus' ], 'gismu' => 'jursa', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '(x2 if a set must be a complete specification); (cf. cilta, jivbu, jorne, nivji, pijne, lasna)', 'def' => 'x1 sews/stitches/sutures materials x2 (ind./set) together with tool(s) x3, using filament x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sew', 'rafsi' => [ 'fen', 'fe\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'fenso', 'unknown2' => '4', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also: x1 courts/flirts; x3 could be a ka[gender or role], ka[attraction to a gender], or ka[type of activity], etc.; (adjective:) x1 is sexual/sexy; x1 is flirted with/courted by x2 (= cinfriti, cinjikca)]; (cf. gletu, pinji, plibu, vibna, vlagi)', 'def' => 'x1 in activity/state x2 exhibits sexuality/gender/sexual orientation x3 (ka) by standard x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sexual', 'rafsi' => [ 'cin' ], 'gismu' => 'cinse', 'unknown2' => '48', 'unknown1' => '5g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. manku, gusni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a shadow/the shade of object x2, made by light/energy source x3', 'origin' => '\'shade\'', 'shortdef' => 'shadow', 'rafsi' => [ 'ti\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'ctino', 'unknown2' => '27', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '[also (expressible either with desku or slilu): side to side, to and fro, back and forth, reciprocal motion]; (cf. slilu, janbe)', 'def' => 'x1 shakes/quakes/trembles/quivers/shudders/wobbles/vibrates from force x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'shake', 'rafsi' => [ 'des' ], 'gismu' => 'desku', 'unknown2' => '46', 'unknown1' => '1g' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. condi, tordu, jarki, cinla, cmalu, jarki, jmifa)', 'def' => 'x1 is shallow in extent in direction/property x2 away from reference point x3 by standard x4', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'shallow', 'rafsi' => [ 'cax' ], 'gismu' => 'caxno', 'unknown2' => '10', 'unknown1' => '6c' }, { 'notes' => '[also pattern; x1 is the mathematical or theoretical ideal form, while x2 is an object/event manifesting that form; e.g. circular/circle-shaped (= cukseltai) vs. circle (=cuktai, while cukla alone is ambiguous); model (= ci\'ersaptai, saptai, ci\'ersmitai, smitai)]; (cf. nejni, morna; te marji for physical shape, tapla, bliku, kubli, kurfa, cukla, mapti, morna, sarlu)', 'def' => 'x1 [ideal] is the conceptual shape/form of object/abstraction/manifestation x2 (object/abstract)', 'origin' => '\'form\'', 'shortdef' => 'shape', 'rafsi' => [ 'tam', 'tai ' ], 'gismu' => 'tarmi', 'unknown2' => '91', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. balre, dakfu, jesni)', 'def' => 'x1 is sharp/keen at locus x2', 'origin' => '\'keen\'', 'shortdef' => 'sharp', 'rafsi' => [ 'kil' ], 'gismu' => 'kinli', 'unknown2' => '7', 'unknown1' => '7j' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. katna)', 'def' => 'x1 is a pair of shears/scissors for cutting x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'shears', 'gismu' => 'jinci', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '6f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kanba, sunla)', 'def' => 'x1 is a sheep/[lamb/ewe/ram] of species/breed x2 of flock x3', 'origin' => '\'lanolin, lamb\'', 'shortdef' => 'sheep', 'rafsi' => [ 'lan' ], 'gismu' => 'lanme', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'ai' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. plita, cinje, polje, slasi, tinci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a sheet/foil/blanket [2-dimensional shape/form flexible in 3 dimensions] of material x2', 'origin' => '\'foil\'', 'shortdef' => 'sheet', 'rafsi' => [ 'bof', 'bo\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'boxfo', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. balni)', 'def' => 'x1 is a shelf/counter/bar in/on/attached to supporting object x2, for purpose x3', 'origin' => '\'counter\'', 'shortdef' => 'shelf', 'gismu' => 'kajna', 'unknown2' => '2', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. pilka, skapi, gacri, bartu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a shell/husk [hard, protective covering] around x2 composed of x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'shell', 'rafsi' => [ 'cak' ], 'gismu' => 'calku', 'unknown2' => '24', 'unknown1' => '9f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bandu, ckape, snura, drudi, sepli, bitmu, gacri)', 'def' => 'x1 is a shelter/haven/refuge/retreat/harbor for/protecting x2 from danger/threat x3', 'origin' => '\'harbor\'', 'shortdef' => 'shelter', 'rafsi' => [ 'mra' ], 'gismu' => 'marbi', 'unknown2' => '14', 'unknown1' => '4d' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. taxfu)', 'def' => 'x1 is a shirt/blouse/top [upper-body garment - not necessarily sleeved or buttoned], material x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'shirt', 'rafsi' => [ 'cek' ], 'gismu' => 'creka', 'unknown2' => '13', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '[rapids (= ri\'erjmifa, ri\'ercaxno)]; (cf. caxno)', 'def' => 'x1 is a shoal [shallow hazard]/reef of material x2 in body of water x3', 'origin' => '\'reef\'', 'shortdef' => 'shoal', 'gismu' => 'jmifa', 'unknown2' => '0', 'unknown1' => 'a' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. darxi, gunta, spaji)', 'def' => 'x1 (event) shocks/stuns x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'shock', 'rafsi' => [ 'jen' ], 'gismu' => 'jenca', 'unknown2' => '20', 'unknown1' => '4c' }, { 'notes' => '[also boot (= tupcutci)]; (cf. smoka, taxfu, skiji)', 'def' => 'x1 is a shoe/boot/sandal for covering/protecting [feet/hooves] x2, and of material x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'shoe', 'rafsi' => [ 'cuc' ], 'gismu' => 'cutci', 'unknown2' => '28', 'unknown1' => '3f' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. cmalu, jarki, caxno, cinla, clani)', 'def' => 'x1 is short in dimension/direction x2 (default longest dimension) by measurement standard x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'short', 'rafsi' => [ 'tor', 'to\'u' ], 'gismu' => 'tordu', 'unknown2' => '31', 'unknown1' => '9b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. birka)', 'def' => 'x1 is a/the shoulder/hip/joint [body-part] attaching limb/extremity x2 to body x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'shoulder', 'rafsi' => [ 'jan' ], 'gismu' => 'janco', 'unknown2' => '22', 'unknown1' => 'aa' }, { 'notes' => '[move by pushing/shoving (= ca\'ermuvgau)]; (cf. danre for non-agentive force, lacpu)', 'def' => 'x1 [agent] shoves/pushes x2 at locus x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'shove', 'rafsi' => [ 'ca\'e' ], 'gismu' => 'catke', 'unknown2' => '9', 'unknown1' => '8h' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. kakpa, guska, tutci)', 'def' => 'x1 is a shovel/spade [bladed digging implement] for digging x2', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'shovel', 'rafsi' => [ 'cna' ], 'gismu' => 'canpa', 'unknown2' => '6', 'unknown1' => 'ao' }, { 'notes' => '[reveal (= tolmipygau, mipyja\'o, sivja\'o); also: x1 shows that x2, x1 shows off x2; showing an object is generally expressed with a tu\'a x2, since the properties of the shown object (other than its presence) intended for observation are seldom specified (simple presence could be expressed by leka [object] cu zvati)]; (cf. tigni, cipra, zgana, jvinu, lanli, mipri, simlu)', 'def' => 'x1 (agent) shows/exhibits/displays/[reveals]/demonstrates x2 (property) to audience x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'show', 'rafsi' => [ 'ja\'o' ], 'gismu' => 'jarco', 'unknown2' => '85', 'unknown1' => '8c' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. bruna, mensi, tamne)', 'def' => 'x1 is a sibling of x2 by bond/tie/standard/parent(s) x3', 'origin' => undef, 'shortdef' => 'sibling', 'rafsi' => [ 'tub' ], 'gismu' => 'tunba', 'unknown2' => '5', 'unknown1' => '4b' }, { 'notes' => '(cf. crane, trixe, pritu, zunle which differ in that the direction of facing is the front and not the lateral side. The x4 of mlana may be either the front, or back side of x2, korbi)', 'def' => 'x1 is to the side of/lateral to x2 and facing x3 from point of view/in-frame-of-reference x4', 'origin' => '\'lateral\'', 'shortdef' => 'side', 'rafsi' => [ 'mla' ], 'gismu' => 'mlana', 'unknown2' => '88', 'unknown1' => '1e' }, { 'notes'